World History Test Flashcards
Where were the most powerful abolitionist movements?
Britain and Europe
What are 5 techniques that abolitionists used to pressure the government to take action?
1) pamphlets w/ descriptions of slavery
2) petitions to Parliament
3) lawsuits
4) boycotts of slave produced products
5) public meetings featuring testimonies of former slaves
In what year did Britain end the sale of slaves within its empire?
1807
In what year did Britain free all remaining slaves?
1834
What did British naval vessels do during the abolition period?
In the Atlantic, they intercepted illegal slave ships and freed the slaves on board
Which famous French abolitionist is known for writing the declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen?
Olympe de Gouges
Who is Olympe de Gouges? What is her real name?
Famous playwright and abolitionist known for writing the declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen. Real name is Marle Gouze.
Describe life before the Industrial Revolution (name six characteristics)
1) Most people lived in rural villages; small communities
2) Farming was a major economic sector
3) 1/3 of the babies died before 1 year old; life expectancy was 40 years old
4) Diseases were common
5) Private and public farm lands were not separated or fenced off (open field system)
6) It was easy for many families and farmers to work the land cooperatively and productively
What was the life expectancy of people before the Industrial Revolution?
40 years old
What is the open field system?
Farmers could plant crops on unfenced private and public lands. Britain had an open field system prior to the Industrial Revolution.
What is the Enclosure Movement?
It was when law were passed in the Britain that allowed land owners to take over and fence off private and common lands.
What was one of Great Britain’s earliest industries?
Wool industry
What is the “used domestic system”?
Products are produced in the home by hand
What were two advantages of the used domestic system?
1) Workers set own hours and could take care of domestic duties
2) Women took care of kids and cooked while making money at home
Where did most coal field lay?
Under the farmland
Name 4 agricultural innovations from the Industrial Revolution
1) lighter plows
2) selective animal breeding
3) crop rotation
4) higher yielding seeds
What were three affects of the agricultural innovations?
1) increased output
2) lower food prices
3) less farmers needed
Why did many farmers move to the city during the Industrial Revolution?
Farmers lost their jobs farming due to agricultural innovations so they had to move to cities to find work.
What kind of government did England have during the Industrial Revolution?
Absolute Monarchy
What did weariness of taxes lead to?
Monarch/leaders formed alliances with their merchant classes
Which three natural resources became very valuable during the Industrial Revolution?
coals, natural gas and oil
What were the British aristocrats’ role in the Industrial Revolution?
They had money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials
What generated global exchange and innovation in Europe?
Europe had widespread contact with culturally diverse peoples
What role did colonies in America play in Europe’s Industrial Revolution?
Colonies in America gave to Europeans
What are two things better farming leads to?
Better farming –> more food –> more people
Explain how religious toleration increased in Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
Britain welcomed skilled workers of all faith
What is the factory system?
It is an organized system of production that brings machines and workers together under control of a manager
Who is called the father of the Industrial Revolution?
Samuel Slater
Who is Samuel Slater?
The father of the Industrial Revolution
Name three innovations from the Industrial Revolution?
1) Textiles
2) flying shuttle
3) Spinning Jenny
What is the flying shuttle?
The flying shuttle was an invention that allowed for weavers to weave faster, eventually allowing for automatic machine looms
What is the Spinning Jenny?
It is an invention that revolutionized cotton spinning
What two things are Eli Whiney famous for?
Interchangeable parts and cotton gin (or cotton engine)
What are interchangeable parts?
Parts that are identical so they are interchangeable in machines
What is Henry Bessemer known for?
The Bessemer Process
What is the Bessemer Process?
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel
Who invented the steam engine?
James Watt
Who invented the steam boat?
Roert Fulton
Who invented gasoline engines?
Gottlieb Daimler
Who invented oil engines?
Rudolf Diesel
Who invented dirigibles?
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Who invented the airplane?
Wright Brothers
Who invented the telegraph?
Samuel Morse
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Vandel
Name 6 transportation inventions during the Industrial Revolution
1) steam engine
2) steam boat
3) gasoline engines
4) oil engines
5) dirigible
5) airplane
Name 2 communication inventions during the Industrial Revolution
telegraph and telephone
Describe society before the Industrial Revolution
Position in life was determined at birth. No social mobility
How did the Industrial Revolution change social mobility?
People could make money and become famous with talent and abilities
Which social class benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?
The middle class
What kind of jobs did upper class people have during the Industrial Revolution?
1) factory and mine owners
2) bankers
3) merchants
What kind of jobs did the middle level class have during the Industrial Revolution?
1) smaller businessmen
2) doctors
3) lawyers
4) engineers
5) teachers
6) journalists
7) scientists
8) other professionals
Describe the work conditions of the working class (Name 3 descriptions)
1) dangerous
2) monotonous
3) strict work schedules
Why were the work conditions of the working class dangerous? (Name 4 reasons)
1) Accidents were common and workers had to work multiple machines as few as possible
2) 10-14 hour work days
3) Work in unventilated rooms
4) low wage
What kinds of diseases were common among the working class? (Name 2 diseases)
Pneumonia and tuberculosis
What were the living conditions of workers? (Name 4 descriptions)
1) Lived in overcrowded smoky cities
2) Lived in cold apartments near the factories
3) Water supplies were contaminated
4) Unsanitary (working class received few public services, such as sanitation)
What percentage of workers were under 16?
18%
What was the life of children’s like? (Name three things)
1) Children worked 12 hour shifts and worked sometimes throughout the night
2) Often became crippled or ill from work
3) Didn’t attend school
What were the goals of the Meiji restoration? (Name two goals)
1) To save Japan from foreign domination
2) Transform/modernize Japanese society by bringing western culture in
Why did the self-strengthening program worked for Japan?
1) Japan was a smaller society
2) Japan is an island so it had natural boundaries to keep it safe
How did America influence the Japanese during industrialization?
The Japanese brought in America’s ideas and culture
What is social darwinism?
It is survival of the fittest in society
How did religion impact South Africa?
Religion transformed identities for the African people
How did African women impact Africa?
They took over the jobs of men
What was it called when foreign powers decided to take Africa piece by piece?
Scramble for Africa
Who was known as the “sick man of Europe”?
The Ottoman Empire
What were the Tanzimat Reforms?
Government incorporated European powers (They were series of reforms started by the Ottoman Empire. The reforms were influenced by European ideas and were intended to start a fundamental change of the empire from the old system based on theocratic principles to that of a modern state.)
What was the competition known as the Great Game?
It was the strategic economic and political rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia
What were the reasons why the Ottoman lost their territory to other European powers? (Name four reasons)
1) European aggression
2) Invasion from Russia, France, and Australia
3) Nationalism
4) Independence movements
Which three countries invaded the Ottoman empire?
Russia, France, and Australia
Who were the supporters of Ottoman reform?
The young Turks
Why did Chinese nationalism start?
Because of Chinese patriots and their leaders
Why couldn’t the Qing dynasty control people who were against them?
There were many people against them because they were outsiders
What year did the Qing dynasty collapse?
1911
Who controlled China after the Qing dynasty?
Sun Yat Sen
What happened to Mexico from 1910 to 1920?
local protests and increased violence
What group of people joined the workers and the peasants to overthrow the dictatorship in Mexico?
Middle class reformers
How many people died in the Mexican revolution?
around 1 million
What was the goal of people who wanted to overthrow the dictatorship?
Redistribute land to the peasants
What happened in 1917 in Mexico?
The Mexican constitution was born.
What was proclaimed in the Mexican constitution? Name 4 things
1) Redistribute land
2) Strip Catholic church of power
3) A minimum wage law
4) 8-hour work day
