World History Flashcards
What was the “Sack of Baghdad?”
1258 CE Mongol Empire, under the leadership of Hulagu Khan, besieged and sacked Baghdad. It is often considered a turning point in Islamic history, symbolizing the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate and the fragmentation of the Muslim world.
When and where was the birth of the prophet Muhammed?
Born 570 CE into the influential Quraysh tribe in the city of Mecca, Muhammad grew up as an orphan. He later became known for his honesty and integrity and worked as a merchant.
When was the first revelation to the prophet Muhammed?
610 CE at the age of 40, Muhammad began receiving revelations from Allah (God) through the Angel Gabriel. The first revelation took place in a cave on Mount Hira, near Mecca.
What was the Hijra to Medina?
Due to persecution and opposition from the leaders of Mecca, in 622 CE Muhammad and his followers, known as the early Muslims, emigrated to the city of Yathrib, which later became known as Medina.
This event, known as the Hijra, is considered one of the most significant turning points in Islamic history as it marks the establishment of the first Islamic community and calendar.
What it is significant about the Conquest of Mecca?
In 630 CE after years of conflict and negotiations, Muhammad and his followers returned to Mecca and peacefully conquered the city.
This event, known as the Conquest of Mecca, led to the eventual spread of Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
When did Muhammed die?
In 632 CE, Prophet Muhammad passed away in Medina at the age of 63. His death marked the end of his prophethood, and he left behind a rapidly growing Muslim community.
Who were the Rashidun Caliphs?
632-661 CE after the death of Prophet Muhammad, the Islamic community faced the challenge of leadership succession. The first four Caliphs, often referred to as the “Rightly Guided Caliphs,” played pivotal roles in the early expansion and governance of the Muslim community.
What did the Siege of Vienna signal?
The Siege of Vienna in 1683 marked the high point of the Ottoman Empire’s expansion into Europe. However, the siege was ultimately unsuccessful, and it signaled the beginning of the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
What is often considered a turning point in Islamic history, symbolizing the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate and the fragmentation of the Muslim world.
The Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258 CE
What were the crusades?
The Crusades were a series of religious and military campaigns 1096-1291CE launched by European Christians to capture and control the Holy Land, including Jerusalem, which was under Muslim rule.
