ERAS Flashcards
What time period marks the Prehistoric Era and what is it also known as?
Period between the appearance of humans on the planet (roughly 2.5 million years ago) and 600BC. It indicates the period on Earth in which there was human activity, but little to no records of human history. This era is also known as the Foundational era, as many foundations of human civilization occurred during this span of time.
When was the “Stone Age” and what characterizes the time period?
(2.5 million B.C. to 3000 B.C.) - documents the human migration from Africa and first use of tools by Neanderthals, Denisovans and early humans. Prehistoric era.
Where did humans settle in the Bronze Age and around what time period?
(3000 B.C. to 1300 B.C.) - humans settle in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and ancient Egypt; invention of the wheel and metalworking. Prehistoric Era.
When was the Iron Age and what characterized the time?
(1300 B.C. to 600 B.C.) - formation of planned cities, introduction of ironworks, steel, and writing systems. Prehistoric Era.
When was the Classical Era and what what did it mark the beginning of?
(600BC - 476CE) Also known as Classical antiquity, marked the beginning of a philosophical period in world history as well as the first recorded sources of human history. Politically, the Classical era saw the rise and fall of most world empires.
What era was Ancient Greece in, when, and what was it the foundation of?
(600 B.C. to A.D. 600) - foundation of democracy, philosophy, mathematics, drama, and poetry. Classical Era.
What era was Ancient Rome in, when, and what was developed?
(753 B.C. to A.D. 476) - political power that developed the legal system, irrigation, architecture, city roads, and Christianity. Classical Era.
What era was Persian Empire in, when, and what they practice?
(550 B.C. to 330 B.C.) - Middle Eastern empire that practiced Zoroastrianism before Islam and fell to Alexander the Great in 330BC. Classical Era.
Byzantine Empire
(A.D. 285 to A.D. 1453) - Mediterranean culture that incorporated practices and beliefs from ancient Greece and Rome; the only major power not to fall until after the Renaissance. Classical Era.
Middle Ages
(A.D. 476 -A.D. 1450 )
The Middle Ages is also known as the Medieval or Post-Classical era.
Historians refer to the early part of this period as the Dark Ages due to the loss of recorded history after the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476.
Early Middle Ages
(A.D. 476 to A.D. 1000) - also known as Late Antiquity; this period shows most powers rebuilding after the collapse of the Roman Empire and the beginning of Islam in the Middle East
High Middle Ages
(A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1250) - 250-year period that saw the height of the Catholic church’s power in the Crusades
Late Middle Ages
(A.D. 1250 to A.D. 1450) - a period that saw the Black Plague, the beginning of European exploration and the invention of the printing press
Early Modern Era
(A.D. 1450-A.D. 1750)
Followed the Middle Ages, saw a resurgence of the values and philosophies from the Classical era. When you think of Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Christopher Columbus, you’re thinking of the Early Modern Era.
Renaissance Humanism
(A.D. 1400 to A.D. 1500) - break from medieval scholasticism that incorporated Classical thought into Early Modern ideas
Protestant Reformation
(A.D. 1517 to A.D. 1648) - religious movement in which Lutheranism (started by Martin Luther) broke with the Catholic church and redefined Christianity
The European Renaissance
(A.D. 1450 to A.D. 1600) - known as a cultural “rebirth” in art, music, literature, society, and philosophy
The Enlightenment
(A.D. 1650 to A.D. 1800) - an intellectual movement that is also called the Age of Reason; saw the re-examination of politics, economics and science before giving way to Romanticism in the 19th century
Modern Era
(1750BC-Present)
The influences of both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment led to a technological boom in the Modern era, also known as the Late Modern era.
The world of politics was rocked by wars, revolution and the end of the monarchy in many countries. The Modern era is truly a cumulation of millions of years of human development.
First Industrial Revolution
(A.D. 1760 to A.D. 1840) - beginning of the modern era that saw several technological innovations, including the invention of the cotton gin, the increase of city factories and mills and the completion of the Erie Canal
Revolutionary Period
(A.D. 1764 to A.D. 1848) - period of revolutions around the world, including the American Revolution, French Revolution, Spanish-American Wars for Independence, Italian Revolutions, Greek War of Independence, and the Spring of Nations
Age of imperialism
(A.D. 1800 to A.D. 1914) - century of time in which France, Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States colonized in other nations around the world
Victorian Era
(A.D. 1837 to A.D. 1901) - reign of Queen Victoria I that saw increased urbanization, the American Civil War and the end of African slavery
Second Industrial Revolution
(A.D. 1869 to A.D. 1914) - often referred to as the Technological Revolution; period in which the light bulb, the telephone, the airplane, and the Model T automobile were invented
WWI
(A.D. 1914 to A.D. 1918) - worldwide conflict centered in Europe; also known as the Great War
Great Depression
(A.D. 1929 to A.D. 1939) - extended period of worldwide economic hardship that started with the stock market crash in 1929
WW2
(A.D. 1939 to A.D. 1945) - wartime period that began with Germany’s invasion of Poland and ends with the surrender of Japan, the last standing Axis power
Contemporary Period
(A.D. 1945 to current) - also known as the Information Age; the period in which technological advances define social, economic and political life
