World History Flashcards
Neolithic period
Began 10,000 bc
Agriculture begins Permanent settlement begins Domestication of animals begins Establishment of social classes Trade
Mesopotamia
Land between the rivers (Euphrates and Tigris)
Lived by the rivers for agricultural reasons
Characteristics of ancient civilization
Advanced technical skills Cities with forms of government Division of labor - different people preform different jobs Calendar based on the Luna cycle A system of writing
Fertile Crescent
Moon shaped region of Mesopotamia Known for agricultural advances Time Trade Astrology Math and science Cities
Ancient Greece (3000 bc - 476 AC)
Came before the romans They introduced democracy Start of the Olympic Games Great philosophers like Socrates and Plato Homers writing of the odyssey and Iliad War between Athens and Sparta Alexander the Great rise and death Architecture, philosophy, alphabet
Medieval age (476ac - 1492ac)
Rome Feudalism Rise of religion - Christianity and Islam v Black Plague Magna carter Be wolf
Athenian democracy vs modern democracy
Athenian democracy
Rich males
Someone who help a high position
Modern democracy
Broaden range of social groups are allowed to participate
Feudalism
In medieval ages
A hierarchy of social classes
Listed as
King - owned all the land - gave it to rich lords
Lords - gave land to professional knights
Knights - in return they fought for nobles
And peasants - worked the land for nobles and in return they offered them protection
Magna carter
First document forced into the king of England to limit his powers
Renaissance period
Nicolas Copernicus -heliocentric model that the plants orbited the sun
Galileo Galilei - created first modern telescope, the moon had crators, no life on the moon
Ancient Rome known for
Advancements in law
Building massage structures like the colosseum
Rise of Islam (in jersluem area)
Most battles took place in Jerusalem because it was where countries connected to do trade
After crusade they wanted to increase trade
Beowulf
Written in old English (Anglo Saxon) which has developed into the language we soeak today
Battle of Hastings 1066 - what is a significant contribution to normans made upon English society after the battle of hastings?
French became the language of the kings court and gradually blended with the Angelo Saxon tongue
To give birth to modern English
What was the impact of the crusades? 1100ad-1300ad
Breakdown of feudalism
Increase interest in trade and ideas
Increase taxes led to stronger central government
Increase in papal power
Printing press
Made books easier and cheaper to produce
Mass production of the Bible
More European Christians could read the Bible and better understand Their religion
Black Plague
A pandemic that killed millions of people. Almost 1 of every 3 people got the disease and died.
What was the goal of medieval art?
Portray religious themes and scenes
Leonardo Davinci
Supreme renaissance painter, scientist, inventor, and polymath
Famous for Mona Lisa
Michel Angelo
Renaissance sculptor, painter, and architect
Famous for statue of David And Sistine chapel
Raphael
Italian painter during the Renaissance
Donatello
Italian painter and sculptor during the Renaissance
Humanists during Renaissance period
Niccalo Machiavellian - Italian - created a new branch of political science, based on humanist principles
Thomas Moore - English stateman who wrote an ideal political system, utopia, where the government was more lenient on people
William Shakespeare
English Play writer and poet
Took Romeo and Juliet idea from Thisbe
Took Greek and Rome ideas and modernized them
Famous for Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, merchant of Venice
You can best understand the influence of Ancient Greece on the historical development of western civilization by examining
The origins of the renaissance
Protestant reformation
16 century religious, political, intellectual, and cultural upheaval that splintered the Catholic Church, setting in place the structures and beliefs
Elizabeth age theater mostly played which type of plays
Classical Greek tragedy
Martin Luter -
Monk, Christian, history, Protestantism, war in Protestants, brought new religious political and economic trajectories to Europe
Queen Elizabeth
Monarch of England in the renaissance period
Tried to bring catholic way back
The age of exploration (1450-1750)
European global exploration in the 15th century
Take a lot of ideas from the renaissance
Boats, compass, weapons, and printing press
Wave of exploration for Portuguese and Spanish
Conquistadors such as
Majelin - circum navigated the globe
pezaro - Incan empire and Peru
Cortez - Mexico
Christopher Columbus
Discovered the America’s
Exploration made possible by the Spanish
Violent leader
Transatlantic
Transported 10 million enslaved African Americans across the Atlantic Oceans from 16th century to 19th century
Also transported sugar and coffee from America to Europe
The middle passage
The state of the Atlantic slave trade in which of millions of enslaved Africans were transported to americas as part of the triangle slave trade
Triangle trade
Trade of Slaves sugar and rum
Mercantilism
Economic policy designed to maximize the exports and minimize imports for an economy
Raw material during the age of exploration
Gold silver tobacco sugar cotton were traded
What factors led to the age of exploration?
1. Changes in world view (by Copernicus) Wide spread of information through the printing press Advanced Technology 2. Economics Faster trade routes to Asia
- Religion
Francis bacon
Created the scientific method
Issac Newton
Created the laws of physics
Longitude
Coordinate from east coast to west coast on earths surface
Latitude
Coordinate from North to south on earths surface
7 continents
North America South America Antarctic Europe Asia Africa Australia
Oceans
Atlantic Ocean - between North America and Europe
Pacific Ocean - between America and Asia
Indian Ocean - right of Africa but under Asia
5 major biomes
Aquatic Grassland Forest Desert And tundra
Biome
Distinct bio geographical unit consisting of a biological community that has Formed in response to a shared regional climate
Exploration and impact on indigenous people
- 90 percent Of indigenous people died from diseases from Europe
- Loss of land and resources (wood fur gold and silver)
- Live stock (cattle horses and pigs)
- Cultural assimilation - New culture, language, and religion
