Us History Mtel Flashcards
Civil rights act of 1964
No segregation in public places
No discrimination in employment
1620 pilgrims
Made the famous voyage of the mayflower and founded the Plymouth colony
Mass bay colony
Original English settlements in present day Massachusetts
Settled in 1630 by a group of 1,000 puritans refugees from England
13 colonies
NH, MA, RI, NJ, SC, NC, VA, PA, NY, GA, DE, CT, MD
Road to revolution
Founding of the colonies
End of the Indian and French war
Relations between the American colonies and British crown (they wanted their independence)
Declaration of Independence
First formal statement by a nations people asserting their right to choose their own government
1781 articles of confederate
Us constitution - to make a perfect union establishing justice, insuring domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure blessings of liberty
1787 us constitution
Signed 9.17.1787 - guaranteed basic rights for people
Legislative branch
Made up of the house of senate
- makes laws
- declares war
- reg foreign commerce and controls taxing and spending
Executive branch
enforces laws
includes the president, vp, cabinet
judicial branch
evaluates laws (supreme court) - applies laws to individual cases and decides if the law violate the constitution
checks and balances
counter balancing influences so system is regulated
- president can be vetod
- leg branch votes to pass a new bill
- judicial branch finds a law to be unconstitutional through the supreme court
1791 bill of rights
first 10 amendments
- freedom of speech
- right to bear arms
- no quartering of soldiers
- freedom from unreasonable search
- due process - double jeopardy
- right to a speedy trial
- right to a trial by a jury
- no unusual punishment
- other rights of people
- power reserved to the states
1794 cotton gin
eli whitney created the gotton gin, machine by speeding up the process of removing the seeds.
19th century cotton was americas #1 leading export
1850 fugitive slave act
passed in 1793 and 1850
provided for the seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped from 1 state to another
civil war 1861-1864
the war between the states about 1. slavery 2. sectionalism, and 3. secession
confederacy and union
union - known as the north (Lincoln)
confederate - south
robert e lee
commander of the army of N. Virginia (leader of the south armies) - the most successful of the southern armies during the civil war
ulysses s. grant
lead the union army to victory over the confederate army. also the 18th president
why was the us constitution so important?
- changed relationships between the federal government and the government of the states
- highlighted the difference between political and economic democracy
13th amendment
abolish slavery
14th amendment
citizenship and equal rights to freed slaves after civil war
15 amendment
gave the right to vote for African Americans and could not be denied voting rights based on race color, and previous condition of servitude
progressive era (1890-1920)
problems
- industrialization
- urbanization
- immigration
- political corruption
wide spread social activism and political reform across the us
social reformers were mostly middle class men targeting their bosses
wanted to move over to direct democracy
WW1
a series of events leading to the murder of Austrias arch duke and his wife (the heir to the Austro-hungary empire) by a serbian.
central powers during ww1
german empire + austria-hungary + the ottoman empire in 1914 + bulgaria
allied powers during ww1
led by france, britain, russia, italy, japan, and the US
The great depression (1929-1941)
economic collapse (the worst in history)
- stock market crashed
- bank failure
- unemployment high
- over supply/ over production
FDR and the new deal (1933-1939)
Series of programs and projects during the great depression
- legal to buy beer again (no more prohibition)
- passed a bill to pay farmers to leave their fields fallow to end agricultural surpluses and boost prices
wpa act - jobs for unemployed
WPA during great depression
it provided jobs to the unemployed. other private companies were not allowed to compete so they built things like post office’s, bridges, schools, highways, and parks. also gave work to artists, writers, theater directors, and musician’s
Wagner Act 1935
Created national labor board to supervise union elections and prevent businesses from treating their workers unfairly
social security act of 1935
guaranteed pension to Americans and set up a system of unemployment ins, and stipulated the the federal government would help care for dependent children and the disabled
strike at the GM plant
lasted 44 days “ sit down strike “ - it ended in a wage increase
causes of WW2
- stop German socialism and rise of militarism (holocaust)
- impact of treaty of versquilles (Germany lost the first war and they were to pay for reparations)
- failure of appeasement (terms to another nation to avoid conflict)
Domino Theory (1954)
Cold war policy - suggest a communist government in 1 nation will cause similar events in neighboring countries
1954 Brown v. Board of Education
supreme court ruled that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment.
unequal
1965 Selma, Alabama March
led by martin luther king - led to voting rights for african americans
Reagan Administration (1981-1989)
policies stressed conservative economic value
- reduce marginal tax rates on income from labor and capital
- reduce regulation
- tighten money supply to reduce inflation
- reduce the growth of government spending
what was the main reason European explorers of the 15th and 16th century wanted to find a new route to Asia?
to obtain access to Asian spices, silks, and other luxury goods
Prior to European settlement, indigenous peoples of the eastern woodlands region were more likely than indigenous people of the pacific coast to:
Practice slash and burn agriculture - trees chopped down for farming
1600-1760 north american british colonies
roanoke - 1st colony dead - (NC) didnt last long
Jameston Colony - was successful because of tobacco and slavery
religious freedom - mayflower arrives
john winthrop arrives in 1630
mass bay company formed
RI colony - haven for religious dissenters
mass bay colony - religious freedom - maritine colony - fishing and trading
indian wars and disease 1600-1760
- disease epidemic wipes out 90 percent of Indian people
- king phillips war 1689 (violent and bloody war between the wamponags tribe and english colonists - attach on the narragannsett camp where 1000 people died including woman, children, and elders
- french and indian war 1754
a major cause of tensions that resulted in armed conflicts between native americans and english settlers during the seventeenth century?
English encroachment on native American lands
1600-1760 North American colonies and mercantilism
the 13 colonies provided raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton to europe
europe provided textiles, rum, manufactured goods to africa
africa brought slaves to america
economic relations between great britain and its north american colonies were based on mercantilist principles that emphasized
colonial production of raw materials needed in great britain
during the 17th and 18th century, a good metaphor for civil order in great britans north american colonies was?
a well governed family
age of enlightenment 1700-1800
a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition
purpose: to reform society using reasin, to challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and to advance knowledge through scientific method
impact: it promoted scientific though, skepticism, and intellectual interchange
scientific method
Theory - use the theory to make a prediction
prediction - design an experiment to test the prediction
experiment - preform the experiment
observation - create or modify the theory
John locke
- people have the natural right to life, liberty, and property. since the rights were natural no one could take them away, including the government or the king
- government is created to protect the rights of people and has only limited and specific powers the PEOPLE have to consent to give it.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men… are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, to deriving their just powers from the consent of governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it
which thinker of the enlightenment period on the leaders of the movement for american independence said this?
John Locke
1764 sugar act
a tax passed by the British to pay for the Seven Years War, called the French and Indian War in America. It taxed sugar and decreased taxes on molasses in British colonies in America and the West Indies. This restricted smuggling. It was also a use of mercantilism.
stamp act 1765
which imposed the first direct tax on the American colonies which stated colonies were required many printed materials be produced on stamp paper produced in London carrying an embossed revenue stamp
1765 quartering act
required colonists to house and feed british soliders
1767 townshend act
tax on imported goods to the american colonies
1770 townshend act repealed
repealed on all but tea
1770 boston massacre
which a group of nine British soldiers shot five people out of a crowd of three or four hundred who were abusing them verbally and throwing various missiles
They staged the protest by boarding three trade ships in Boston Harbor and throwing the ships’ cargo of tea overboard into the ocean. They threw 342 chests of tea into the water.
1774 coercive acts:
4 laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party.
The four acts
- Boston Port Act - closed the boston port to all commerce
- the Massachusetts Government Act - The act effectively abrogated the 1691 charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and gave its royally-appointed governor wide-ranging powers
- the Administration of Justice Act - the act indirectly allowed royal officials to commit crimes in that province and run away to Britain or somewhere else in the empire.
- Quartering Act - feed and house british soliders
the Boston tea party most influenced the coming out the American revolution by
focusing colonial attention on British trade policies
stamp act led to
colonist boycott British goods - act appealed
Townshend act let to
boston massacre - act repealed
tea act led to
boston tea party
intolerable acts let to
first continental congress bans trade - militias formed
britain ordereds troops to massachusetts after militias formed and it led to
battles at lexington, concord, bunker hill; colonies declare their independence
what best describes the role of Massachusetts in the American revolution
a number of critical events that led to demands for independence took place in massachusetts
who are the founding fathers?
include two major groups
- the signers
- the frarmers of the constitution
Major themes of the declaration of independece
- self evident truths
- human equality - all men are created equal
- natural rights - these rights are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
- purpose of government - to secure rights
- measure of justice - consent of the governed
- right of revolution - whenever any form of government is destructive of the security of natural rights
- limits to the right of revolution - prudence: Long established gov. shouldn’t be overthrown for “light and transient causes”
experience: men are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable than to right themselves
Benjamin Franklin
A founding father who signed the declaration of independence.
profound influencec on formation of the united states
Thomas Jefferson
another sign of the declaration of independence - american thinker and politican
major frarmers of the constitution
- George Washington - presided over and led constitutional convention
- james madison - wrote majority of the consitution and bill of rights - nicknamed father of the constitution
- alexander hamilton - pushed hardest for creating a stronger federal government
Articles of confederation v. Constitution
Confederation
- one branch - congress
- unicameral
- each state has one vote in congress
- all 13 states must agree to amend
constitution
- strong central government
- three branches
- bicameral - senate and house of reps
- power to tax
- 3/4 states agree to amend
in the late 1780s, america political leaders replaces the articles of confederation with a new form of government based on the US constitution because
they wanted to expand the powers of national government
which of the following best illustrates the operation of the principle of checks and balances in the us federal government?
A. House of reps brings impeachment charges against a federal judge
B. the senate votes to censure a member for disorderly behavior
C. the supreme court decides a case involving a dispute between two states
d. the president dismisses the head of the FBI
A. impeachment charges
due process
the legal requirement that the state must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person
local government resources are devoted to
- 9 percent to education
- 5 health and human resources
- 8 finance
- 4 public safety
- 0 admin
- 5 all other areas of government
local governments in the US typically devote most of their resources to
Education - elementary and secondary schools
us citizen duties
obey the law pay taxes defend the nation serve in court attend school
US responsibilities
vote
be informed
participate in government
respect others
George Washington’s farewell address
- advises us not to have alliances with other countries that might lead them into war
- warns against political parties - they only lead to jealousies and false alarms”
what did George Washington’s farewell address lead to?
he was trying to chart a course for the united states
indian removal act + trail of tears
lead to the death of over 4000 indians forcibly removed for westward
westward expansion - oregon treaty
settled the dispute between the US and Great Britain over the area in oregan located between the Columbia river and the 49th paralell
gold rush
gold discovered in CA treaty to end mexican american war extends boarder through CA population increases in SF 1000-20000 in 2 years increases pressure to make CA a state.
seneca falls
womens right convention held at seneca falls july 19-20, 1848
elizabeth cady staton
susan b anthony
calling for vote rights, family law reform, greater access to education
women reformers wanted
- equal rights of women
- equal access to education
- better working conditions
- pro-worker rights
- anti-slave
Elizabeth cady staton
seneca falls convention - she helped organize the convention as part of an effort to expand the political rights of women
free enterprise
buisnesses can choose what they want to sell and produce
division of labor
a production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency
entrepreneurship can best be defined as the ability to
recognize profitable ways of organizing land, labor, and capital
who ended segregation?
john f kennedy
the civil rights act of 1964 led to what?
the voting act in 1965 to give AA the right to vote
long term impact of civil rights of 1965
- broader political representation
- new laws protecting civil rights
- women sufferage movement
- idea and special education laws
- LGBTQ rights
peace corps
created by john f kennedy to encourage people to have a mutually understanding between the Americans and other nations.
john f kennedy lasting legacy
encouraging us citizens to volunteer in international service programs
what was the expressed policy of the united states government that led to the us entry to the war in vietnam?
wanted to prevent the spread of communism in south east asia
in which ways did the late 20th century womens movement differ most from the womens movement in the 19th century?
by challenging the traditional assumption that women must choose between mother hood and a professional career
what was the policy of the united states after the cold war?
maintain the security of the us while monitoring the collapse of the Soviet Union
major aim of economic policies of the reagan administration?
to remove restraints on the operation of business enterprise by curbing the federal regulatory authority
geographers use the term ecosystems to describe
the interdependence relationships among organisms in a specific environment
