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WORLD HERITAGE SITES > WORLD HERITAGE SITES NORTH AMERICA > Flashcards

WORLD HERITAGE SITES NORTH AMERICA Flashcards

1
Q
  1. San Juan national historic site,

Puerto Rico

A

AKA : “GIBRALTAR OF THE CARIBBEAN”

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2
Q

Castillo San Felipe del Morro

A
  • build in 1539 continued in 1700’s

- 140 feet above sea level and wall 18 to 25 feet thick

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3
Q

CASTILLO SAN CRISOSTOBAL

A
  • look out over the ocean through one of the distinctive sentry boxes
  • view original late 18th century drawings made by an unknown
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4
Q

FROTIN SAN JUAN DELA CRUZ

A
  • also known as El Canuelo in Spanish means “small channel”

- Made of wood and rebuilt with sturdier materials

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5
Q

CITY WALL

A

walls are 20 - 100 feet tall and from 50 feet wide at the base to 24 ft

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6
Q

SAN JUAN GATE

A

-built in 1635 and measures 16 feet tall 20 feet thick
- “Benedictus Oui Venti In Nomine
Domini” means Welcome those who
come in the Name of the God

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7
Q

San Juan national historic site ISSUES FACED

A
  • Coastal erosion and pollution
  • Destruction by natural resources
  • Land erosion
  • Industrial pollution
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8
Q

San Juan national historic site OVERCOMED THRU

A
  • Off shore barrier construction
  • Additional infrastructure
  • Strengthening existing walls most vulnerable to damage
  • Elevating or moving vulnerable forts to higher grounds
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9
Q
  1. Yellow stone, USA
    Why are they considered to be
    world heritage?
A
  • the world’s largest collection of geysers and hot spring
  • a super volcano
  • home to the largest concentration of mammals in the lower 48
  • has its own Grand Canyon
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10
Q

Yellow stone, USA

What are the current issue they are facing?

A
  • Lake trout
  • Distraction of the hydrothermal areas
  • Climate change
  • Mining outside the park
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11
Q

Yellow stone, USA

How to overcome those issues?

A
  • Boardwalks help to preserves the delicate hydrothermal areas
  • Programs were initiated to better protect park
  • Programs were initiated to better protect park
  • Wildlife management programs
  • Programs were initiated to better protect park
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12
Q
  1. REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA
    Why are they considered to be
    world heritage?
A
  • contains some of the tallest and oldest known trees in the world
  • rich in marine and freshwater stream flora and fauna
  • the largest remaining contiguous ancient coast redwood forest in the world
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13
Q

REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA What are the current issue they are facing?

A

-Intense fire
-Climate
change
-Burl poaching
-Illegal
marijuana
cultivation

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14
Q

REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA

How to overcome those issues?

A

-purchasing redwood forests and the surrounding lands
needed to nurture them
-By accepting conservation assessments or agreements

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15
Q
  1. Statue of liberty, new York
    Why are they considered to be
    world heritage?
A
  • most universal symbols of political freedom and democracy in the world
    -a masterpiece of the human spirit
    -a gift from France on the centenary of American
    Independence by Frederic Bartholdi
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16
Q

Statue of liberty, new York

What are the current issue they are facing?

A

-Erosion of the statue’s copper skin
-Fatigue of it’s steel skeleton
-Decay of the fasteners that hold the skin to
skeleton

17
Q
  1. TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO
A
  • Located @ a small tributary in Rio Grands
    -shows many similarities
    to settlement sites of the ancestral Pueblo
    people that are preserved in nearby places
    such Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde
18
Q

TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO

Why are they considered to be world heritage?

A
  • a resource of critical importance to the Pueblo’s living culture and agricultural sustainability.
  • authentic in terms of its location and setting, forms and designs, materials and substance, uses and functions as well as spirit and feeling.
19
Q

TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO

ISSUES FACED

A

-nearby municipality of Taos, places
pressure on the Pueblo to modernize; economic conditions
-environmental stresses such as forest fires, droughts and floods

20
Q

TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO

OVERCOMED THRU

A
  • protecting it from erosion from rain and snow, forest fires, droughts and floods.
  • developments within or near Taos Pueblo not have negative impacts on the property’s values, authenticity and integrity.
21
Q

6.Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /

Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek

A

-glaciers and high peaks on both sides of the
border between Canada (Yukon Territory and
British Columbia) and the United States (Alaska)
-home to many grizzly bears, caribou and
Dall’s sheep.
-contains the largest
non-polar icefield in the world

22
Q

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
WHY A HERITAGE SITE

A

-contain the largest non-polar icefield in the
world as well as examples of some of the world’s longest
and most spectacular glaciers

23
Q

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
ISSUES FACED

A
  • ecological succession related to the dynamic movements of glaciers
  • Wildlife species numbers exceeded nowhere else
24
Q

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
OVERCOMED BY

A

-focus on monitoring aquatic resources and forest
and tundra ecosystem health
-Park authorities manage or monitor human use, including visitation; infrastructure development; solid waste management; impacts of climate change; wildlife populations; biological and physical resource use; ecological disturbances such as fire

25
Q
  1. San Antonio Missions National Historical Park

Why are they considered to be world heritage?

A

-in the early 18th century, European
colonization affected most regions of North America. British, French, and
Spanish groups occupied major sections of the already densely populated
North American continent

26
Q

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park

What are the current issue they`re facing?

A

-trying to communicate with diverse groups

of neophytes

27
Q

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park

How to overcome these issues?

A

-the
native charges were taught trades and crafts such as farming, ranching,
masonry, weaving, and blacksmithing, all of which helped sustain the
mission enterprises

28
Q

8.Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

Why are they considered to be world heritage?

A

-World Heritage Site in 1981 and an International

Biosphere Reserve in 1990

29
Q

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

What are the current issue they`re facing?

A
  • suppression of wildfires

- neighboring coal-fired power plants

30
Q

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

Overcome these issues?

A
  • There is strong legal protection at State and Federal level
  • management intervention is guided by a series of comprehensive and widely consulted management plans.
  • Monitoring, research, interpretation and education
31
Q
  1. EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK

Why are they considered to be world heritage?

A 
-largest tropical wilderness in the United
States
-largest wilderness of any kind
-third-largest national park in the
contiguous United States after Death Valley and
Yellowstone
-established in 1934, to protect
the quickly vanishing Everglades
32
Q

EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK

What are the current issue they are facing?

A 
-loss of water
dissolved oxygen
that fish need
-loss of the open
water areas where
wading birds feed
33
Q

EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK

How to overcome theses issues?

A

-reservoirs to
store and treat Lake Okeechobee’s
overflow and efforts to restore natural flows
-Tamiami Trail highway will restore the Everglades.

34
Q
  1. Monticello and the University of Virginia
    in Charlottesville
    why a heritage site
A

-buildings are excellent and highly personalized examples of
Neoclassicism,
-relationship to the natural setting
-blending of functionalism and symbolism.
-reflect Jefferson’s aspirations for the character of
the new American republic.
Monticello is intact and unchanged beyond some
mid 20th-century physical repairs of steel beams to support the floors and the addition of temperature
and humidity controls.

35
Q

Monticello and the University of Virginia

What are the current issue they are facing?

A

-commercial
development in Monticello’s extensive view shed
-relative humidity, pollution and
invasive species

36
Q

Monticello and the University of Virginia

How to overcome theses issues?

A

-detailed strategic plan (2012),
including a tourism plan, is supplemented by a Historic Structures
Report (1991) and a restoration master plan (1996).
-adopted in 2011 a “Planning Framework and Design
Guidelines for the Academical Village”.
-“University of Virginia
Historic Preservation Framework Plan” (2007) provides also guidance
for post-Jefferson structures

WORLD HERITAGE SITES (4 decks)

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