WORLD HERITAGE SITES NORTH AMERICA Flashcards
- San Juan national historic site,
Puerto Rico
AKA : “GIBRALTAR OF THE CARIBBEAN”
Castillo San Felipe del Morro
- build in 1539 continued in 1700’s
- 140 feet above sea level and wall 18 to 25 feet thick
CASTILLO SAN CRISOSTOBAL
- look out over the ocean through one of the distinctive sentry boxes
- view original late 18th century drawings made by an unknown
FROTIN SAN JUAN DELA CRUZ
- also known as El Canuelo in Spanish means “small channel”
- Made of wood and rebuilt with sturdier materials
CITY WALL
walls are 20 - 100 feet tall and from 50 feet wide at the base to 24 ft
SAN JUAN GATE
-built in 1635 and measures 16 feet tall 20 feet thick
- “Benedictus Oui Venti In Nomine
Domini” means Welcome those who
come in the Name of the God
San Juan national historic site ISSUES FACED
- Coastal erosion and pollution
- Destruction by natural resources
- Land erosion
- Industrial pollution
San Juan national historic site OVERCOMED THRU
- Off shore barrier construction
- Additional infrastructure
- Strengthening existing walls most vulnerable to damage
- Elevating or moving vulnerable forts to higher grounds
- Yellow stone, USA
Why are they considered to be
world heritage?
- the world’s largest collection of geysers and hot spring
- a super volcano
- home to the largest concentration of mammals in the lower 48
- has its own Grand Canyon
Yellow stone, USA
What are the current issue they are facing?
- Lake trout
- Distraction of the hydrothermal areas
- Climate change
- Mining outside the park
Yellow stone, USA
How to overcome those issues?
- Boardwalks help to preserves the delicate hydrothermal areas
- Programs were initiated to better protect park
- Programs were initiated to better protect park
- Wildlife management programs
- Programs were initiated to better protect park
- REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA
Why are they considered to be
world heritage?
- contains some of the tallest and oldest known trees in the world
- rich in marine and freshwater stream flora and fauna
- the largest remaining contiguous ancient coast redwood forest in the world
REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA What are the current issue they are facing?
-Intense fire
-Climate
change
-Burl poaching
-Illegal
marijuana
cultivation
REDWOOD NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS,CALIFORNIA
How to overcome those issues?
-purchasing redwood forests and the surrounding lands
needed to nurture them
-By accepting conservation assessments or agreements
- Statue of liberty, new York
Why are they considered to be
world heritage?
- most universal symbols of political freedom and democracy in the world
-a masterpiece of the human spirit
-a gift from France on the centenary of American
Independence by Frederic Bartholdi
Statue of liberty, new York
What are the current issue they are facing?
-Erosion of the statue’s copper skin
-Fatigue of it’s steel skeleton
-Decay of the fasteners that hold the skin to
skeleton
- TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO
- Located @ a small tributary in Rio Grands
-shows many similarities
to settlement sites of the ancestral Pueblo
people that are preserved in nearby places
such Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde
TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO
Why are they considered to be world heritage?
- a resource of critical importance to the Pueblo’s living culture and agricultural sustainability.
- authentic in terms of its location and setting, forms and designs, materials and substance, uses and functions as well as spirit and feeling.
TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO
ISSUES FACED
-nearby municipality of Taos, places
pressure on the Pueblo to modernize; economic conditions
-environmental stresses such as forest fires, droughts and floods
TAOS PUEBLO , MEXICO
OVERCOMED THRU
- protecting it from erosion from rain and snow, forest fires, droughts and floods.
- developments within or near Taos Pueblo not have negative impacts on the property’s values, authenticity and integrity.
6.Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
-glaciers and high peaks on both sides of the
border between Canada (Yukon Territory and
British Columbia) and the United States (Alaska)
-home to many grizzly bears, caribou and
Dall’s sheep.
-contains the largest
non-polar icefield in the world
Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
WHY A HERITAGE SITE
-contain the largest non-polar icefield in the
world as well as examples of some of the world’s longest
and most spectacular glaciers
Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
ISSUES FACED
- ecological succession related to the dynamic movements of glaciers
- Wildlife species numbers exceeded nowhere else
Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias /
Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
OVERCOMED BY
-focus on monitoring aquatic resources and forest
and tundra ecosystem health
-Park authorities manage or monitor human use, including visitation; infrastructure development; solid waste management; impacts of climate change; wildlife populations; biological and physical resource use; ecological disturbances such as fire
- San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
Why are they considered to be world heritage?
-in the early 18th century, European
colonization affected most regions of North America. British, French, and
Spanish groups occupied major sections of the already densely populated
North American continent
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
What are the current issue they`re facing?
-trying to communicate with diverse groups
of neophytes
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
How to overcome these issues?
-the
native charges were taught trades and crafts such as farming, ranching,
masonry, weaving, and blacksmithing, all of which helped sustain the
mission enterprises
8.Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky
Why are they considered to be world heritage?
-World Heritage Site in 1981 and an International
Biosphere Reserve in 1990
Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky
What are the current issue they`re facing?
- suppression of wildfires
- neighboring coal-fired power plants
Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky
Overcome these issues?
- There is strong legal protection at State and Federal level
- management intervention is guided by a series of comprehensive and widely consulted management plans.
- Monitoring, research, interpretation and education
- EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
Why are they considered to be world heritage?
-largest tropical wilderness in the United States -largest wilderness of any kind -third-largest national park in the contiguous United States after Death Valley and Yellowstone -established in 1934, to protect the quickly vanishing Everglades
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
What are the current issue they are facing?
-loss of water dissolved oxygen that fish need -loss of the open water areas where wading birds feed
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
How to overcome theses issues?
-reservoirs to
store and treat Lake Okeechobee’s
overflow and efforts to restore natural flows
-Tamiami Trail highway will restore the Everglades.
- Monticello and the University of Virginia
in Charlottesville
why a heritage site
-buildings are excellent and highly personalized examples of
Neoclassicism,
-relationship to the natural setting
-blending of functionalism and symbolism.
-reflect Jefferson’s aspirations for the character of
the new American republic.
Monticello is intact and unchanged beyond some
mid 20th-century physical repairs of steel beams to support the floors and the addition of temperature
and humidity controls.
Monticello and the University of Virginia
What are the current issue they are facing?
-commercial
development in Monticello’s extensive view shed
-relative humidity, pollution and
invasive species
Monticello and the University of Virginia
How to overcome theses issues?
-detailed strategic plan (2012),
including a tourism plan, is supplemented by a Historic Structures
Report (1991) and a restoration master plan (1996).
-adopted in 2011 a “Planning Framework and Design
Guidelines for the Academical Village”.
-“University of Virginia
Historic Preservation Framework Plan” (2007) provides also guidance
for post-Jefferson structures
