World Englishes

Question 1

Lingua Franca

Answer 1

This refers to a language that speakers have a common, where it is no one’s first language

Question 2

Pidgin

Answer 2

A simplified speech used for communication by people who speak different languages

Question 3

Creole

Answer 3

A language that forms as the blend of two or more languages. This most widely known creole is Haitian Creole

Question 4

Schneider’s Dynamic Model

Answer 4

•he illustrated how varieties of English become established in an area through colonialisation
•he suggested 5 phrases of this becoming native : Foundation phase, Exornomative stabilisation, Nativisation phase, Endormative stabilisation phase, Differentiation stage.

Question 5

Schneider’s Dynamic Model - Foundation Phase

Answer 5

•English appears in a new territory due to colonial expansion and trade
•in early stages bilingualism is slow and mostly limited to some borrowing to aid simple communication
•It also might be a reason why English didn’t stick and some did

Question 6

Schneider’s Dynamic Model - Exornomative stablisation

Answer 6

•English begins to be used modelled by the ‘exo’ standard from Britain
•politically dominant country determines linguistic behaviour - English is established as the language of admistration, law and education

Question 7

Nativisation phase

Answer 7

•old and new language become closely linked due to relationships both social and business relationships
•inter-ethnic contact increase and a new variety of English develops the invaded speaker often adopt to local forms but the traditionist English only adopt a few words