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World Civ Egypt Flashcards

0
Q

Khufu

A

Constructed the great pyramid at Giza during the Old Kingdom

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1
Q

Namer Menes

A

First Pharaoh to unify upper and lower Egypt. Occurred during the Archaic period(3100 bc)

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2
Q

Ahmose I

A

Unified Egypt for the 3rd time and expelled the Hyksos.

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3
Q

Hatshepsut

A

First women pharaoh of Egypt. She dressed as a man. Remembered for her great funeral temple. Ruled during the New Kingdom.

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4
Q

Thutmose III

A

The greatest military pharaoh of all time. Expanded Egyptian borders. Egypt reached its height during his reign. He invaded Mesopatamia many times (17).

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5
Q

Akhenaton

A

Changes national god back to old god (Re-Aton). Neglected Egyptian foreign affairs. Ordered the Worship of only one god: Re-Aton. Not a well liked Pharaoh. Had physical deformities.

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6
Q

Tutankhamun

A

Only 17 when he became Pharaoh. Returned to polytheism and the god Amun-Re. In 1922 Howard Carter discovered his tomb.

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7
Q

Sethi I

A

Father of Ramses II. Fought they Hettites a lot.

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8
Q

Ramses II

A

Reigned for 67 years in the New Kingdom. Signed first peace treaty. Built many things. Let Moses take the Israelites out of Egypt to freedom. greatest Pharoah ever

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9
Q

Cleopatra

A

Ruled during the Egyptian decline. Queen of Egypt. Had affairs with many Romans. She was a beautiful, powerful women, but Egypt fell to Rome during her rule and she committed suicide.

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10
Q

Eastern Gate

A

The one weak part of Egypt through which it could be attacked.

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11
Q

Battles of Kadesh

A

Consisted of 2 battles fought during the reign of Sethi I and Ramses II between the Egyptians and the Hettites. There was no clear winner. The first peace treaty ever was signed as a result of these battles.

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12
Q

Amun-Re (Re-Aton)

A

National god of Egypt. Many pharaohs associated themselves with him.

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13
Q

Anubis

A

God of embalming. He was believed to communicate with the dead. He had the head of a jackal and the body of a human.

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14
Q

Ptah

A

God of Memphis

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15
Q

Mummification

A

Process by which Egyptians believed that the soul was prevented from escaping t
He body, something essential if one was to reach the afterlife.

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16
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

Stone with a message on it in Greek, Aramaic, and Hieroglyphics. Useful when hieroglyphics were first decoded.

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17
Q

Upper Nile

A

Soun region of the Nile that included the cataracts.

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18
Q

Cataracts

A

Waterfalls and rapids that served as a southern border for Ancient Egypt.

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19
Q

Memphis

A

First capital of Egypt established by Narmer Menes.

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20
Q

Karnak/ Luxor

A

Religious twin cities in Upper Egypt which contained many temples.

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21
Q

Moses

A

Hebrew who took Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Palestine.

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22
Q

Silt

A

Mineral rich muddy substance that was annually deposited on the banks of the Nile (usually in July).

23
Q

Wadi Tumilat Canal

A

Canal built by the Egyptians connecting the Red Sea to the Nile. Built during the middle kingdom.

24
Q

Obelisks

A

4 sided objects built to commemorate a special occasion.

25
Q

Nefertiti

A

Beautiful wife of Akhenaton.

26
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Egyptian writing

27
Q

Howard Carter

A

British archaelogist who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922.

28
Q

Ka

A

Soul

29
Q

Horus

A

God of the sky

30
Q

Thoth

A

God of good luck

31
Q

Mastaba

A

Early type of grave for pharoahs.

32
Q

Sphinx

A

Decorative feature

33
Q

Sahara Desert

A

Largest desert in the world which Egypt is a part of.

34
Q

Lower Nile

A

Northern part of Egypt which includes the Nile Delta.

35
Q

Nile Delta

A

Triangular area at the mouth of the river. Most fertile area in the country.

36
Q

Thebes

A

Second capital of Egypt

37
Q

Hyksos Invasion

A

1st foreigners to conquer Egypt. Occupied Egypt for 200 year before being expelled by Ahmose I. Exposed Egypt to new military technology, and changed the ways of Egyptian military.

38
Q

Labyrinth

A

Large underground tomb meant to be a grave for many Pharaohs.

39
Q

Scribes

A

Secretaries of Pharaoh who sometimes gave advice to pharaoh.

40
Q

Papyrus

A

The writing surface that Egyptians used to write, draw, and paint on. It produced paper as well as twine.

41
Q

Valley of the Kings/Queens

A

Area in upper Egypt in which Pharaohs were buried.

42
Q

Nefretari

A

The beautiful wife of Ramses II

43
Q

Jean Champollion

A

Archaeologist who discovered Rosetta Stone

44
Q

Sinai Peninsula

A

The one weak link in Egypt’s defense. Also called the Eastern Gate.

45
Q

Re

A

Sun God

46
Q

Osiris

A

God of the Nile and the dead who judges one before they enter the afterlife

47
Q

Isis

A

Goddess of the Nile as well as goddess of fertility and beauty. Sister of Osiris.

48
Q

Viziers

A

Most trusted advisors of Pharaohs. They gave pharaoh advice on everything.

49
Q

Nubia

A

Area south of Egypt which Egypt conquered.

50
Q

Palestine/ Phoenicia/ Syria

A

Area northeast of Egypt which Egypt conquered and whose people Egyptians enslaved.

51
Q

Discuss the influence of geography on ancient Egypt

A

Egypt is the gift of the Nile
Silt from the flooding of the Nile helps farming
Egypt is protected on all sides by the Red Sea, the Meditteranean Sea, the Sahara Desert, and the cataracts of the Nile. The only weak point was the Sinai Peninsula or Eastern Gate.

52
Q

Discuss Egyptian afterlife. What were their beliefs concerning death and the afterlife?

A

The afterlife was more important than present life
One was judged based on how well they fulfilled their fate or did their job during their life
One was mummified to prevent the soul (ka) from escaping because both your body and soul entered into the afterlife
You needed the same things you needed in everyday life in the afterlife, so people were buried with many things
You retained your social rank in the afterlife

53
Q

Name the Egyptian Gods and tell what they governed.

A

Re: sun god
Horus: god of the sky
Osiris: god of the dead, god of the underworld, and god of the Nile. Judged people to see if the entered the afterlife.
Seth: god of bad luck
Anubis: god of embalming, believed to communicate with the dead
Thoth: the benevolent god, opposite of Seth
Isis: sister of Osiris, goddess of the Nile, beauty, and fertility
Amun: god of Thebes
Ptah: god of Memphis

54
Q

Analyze Egyptian Social Structure.

A

Pharaoh. \
Viziers. \
Generals, nobles, priests. >. Upper class. ^social mobility
Scribes. /
Soldiers/ army. /
Merchants. \
artisans. >. Middle class
Professions. /
Farmers. —> lower class
Slaves. /

55
Q

Give 4 reasons why Egypt declined?

A

Weak pharaohs
Internal power struggles
Decline in the military
Growth of powerful Mesopotamian empires

56
Q

Name at least 6 achievements of Egypt and Egypt’s contribution to mankind

A 
Education/ schools
Engineering
Astronomy
Architecture
Medicine
Mathematics
Writing

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