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World Civ Egypt Flashcards

0
Q

Khufu

A

Constructed the great pyramid at Giza during the Old Kingdom

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1
Q

Namer Menes

A

First Pharaoh to unify upper and lower Egypt. Occurred during the Archaic period(3100 bc)

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2
Q

Ahmose I

A

Unified Egypt for the 3rd time and expelled the Hyksos.

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3
Q

Hatshepsut

A

First women pharaoh of Egypt. She dressed as a man. Remembered for her great funeral temple. Ruled during the New Kingdom.

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4
Q

Thutmose III

A

The greatest military pharaoh of all time. Expanded Egyptian borders. Egypt reached its height during his reign. He invaded Mesopatamia many times (17).

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5
Q

Akhenaton

A

Changes national god back to old god (Re-Aton). Neglected Egyptian foreign affairs. Ordered the Worship of only one god: Re-Aton. Not a well liked Pharaoh. Had physical deformities.

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6
Q

Tutankhamun

A

Only 17 when he became Pharaoh. Returned to polytheism and the god Amun-Re. In 1922 Howard Carter discovered his tomb.

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7
Q

Sethi I

A

Father of Ramses II. Fought they Hettites a lot.

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8
Q

Ramses II

A

Reigned for 67 years in the New Kingdom. Signed first peace treaty. Built many things. Let Moses take the Israelites out of Egypt to freedom. greatest Pharoah ever

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9
Q

Cleopatra

A

Ruled during the Egyptian decline. Queen of Egypt. Had affairs with many Romans. She was a beautiful, powerful women, but Egypt fell to Rome during her rule and she committed suicide.

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10
Q

Eastern Gate

A

The one weak part of Egypt through which it could be attacked.

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11
Q

Battles of Kadesh

A

Consisted of 2 battles fought during the reign of Sethi I and Ramses II between the Egyptians and the Hettites. There was no clear winner. The first peace treaty ever was signed as a result of these battles.

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12
Q

Amun-Re (Re-Aton)

A

National god of Egypt. Many pharaohs associated themselves with him.

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13
Q

Anubis

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God of embalming. He was believed to communicate with the dead. He had the head of a jackal and the body of a human.

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14
Q

Ptah

A

God of Memphis

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15
Q

Mummification

A

Process by which Egyptians believed that the soul was prevented from escaping t
He body, something essential if one was to reach the afterlife.

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16
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

Stone with a message on it in Greek, Aramaic, and Hieroglyphics. Useful when hieroglyphics were first decoded.

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17
Q

Upper Nile

A

Soun region of the Nile that included the cataracts.

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18
Q

Cataracts

A

Waterfalls and rapids that served as a southern border for Ancient Egypt.

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19
Q

Memphis

A

First capital of Egypt established by Narmer Menes.

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20
Q

Karnak/ Luxor

A

Religious twin cities in Upper Egypt which contained many temples.

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21
Q

Moses

A

Hebrew who took Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Palestine.

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22
Q

Silt

A

Mineral rich muddy substance that was annually deposited on the banks of the Nile (usually in July).

23
Q

Wadi Tumilat Canal

A

Canal built by the Egyptians connecting the Red Sea to the Nile. Built during the middle kingdom.

24
Obelisks
4 sided objects built to commemorate a special occasion.
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Nefertiti
Beautiful wife of Akhenaton.
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Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing
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Howard Carter
British archaelogist who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922.
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Ka
Soul
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Horus
God of the sky
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Thoth
God of good luck
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Mastaba
Early type of grave for pharoahs.
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Sphinx
Decorative feature
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Sahara Desert
Largest desert in the world which Egypt is a part of.
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Lower Nile
Northern part of Egypt which includes the Nile Delta.
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Nile Delta
Triangular area at the mouth of the river. Most fertile area in the country.
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Thebes
Second capital of Egypt
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Hyksos Invasion
1st foreigners to conquer Egypt. Occupied Egypt for 200 year before being expelled by Ahmose I. Exposed Egypt to new military technology, and changed the ways of Egyptian military.
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Labyrinth
Large underground tomb meant to be a grave for many Pharaohs.
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Scribes
Secretaries of Pharaoh who sometimes gave advice to pharaoh.
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Papyrus
The writing surface that Egyptians used to write, draw, and paint on. It produced paper as well as twine.
41
Valley of the Kings/Queens
Area in upper Egypt in which Pharaohs were buried.
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Nefretari
The beautiful wife of Ramses II
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Jean Champollion
Archaeologist who discovered Rosetta Stone
44
Sinai Peninsula
The one weak link in Egypt's defense. Also called the Eastern Gate.
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Re
Sun God
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Osiris
God of the Nile and the dead who judges one before they enter the afterlife
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Isis
Goddess of the Nile as well as goddess of fertility and beauty. Sister of Osiris.
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Viziers
Most trusted advisors of Pharaohs. They gave pharaoh advice on everything.
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Nubia
Area south of Egypt which Egypt conquered.
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Palestine/ Phoenicia/ Syria
Area northeast of Egypt which Egypt conquered and whose people Egyptians enslaved.
51
Discuss the influence of geography on ancient Egypt
Egypt is the gift of the Nile Silt from the flooding of the Nile helps farming Egypt is protected on all sides by the Red Sea, the Meditteranean Sea, the Sahara Desert, and the cataracts of the Nile. The only weak point was the Sinai Peninsula or Eastern Gate.
52
Discuss Egyptian afterlife. What were their beliefs concerning death and the afterlife?
The afterlife was more important than present life One was judged based on how well they fulfilled their fate or did their job during their life One was mummified to prevent the soul (ka) from escaping because both your body and soul entered into the afterlife You needed the same things you needed in everyday life in the afterlife, so people were buried with many things You retained your social rank in the afterlife
53
Name the Egyptian Gods and tell what they governed.
Re: sun god Horus: god of the sky Osiris: god of the dead, god of the underworld, and god of the Nile. Judged people to see if the entered the afterlife. Seth: god of bad luck Anubis: god of embalming, believed to communicate with the dead Thoth: the benevolent god, opposite of Seth Isis: sister of Osiris, goddess of the Nile, beauty, and fertility Amun: god of Thebes Ptah: god of Memphis
54
Analyze Egyptian Social Structure.
Pharaoh. \ Viziers. \ Generals, nobles, priests. >. Upper class. ^social mobility Scribes. / Soldiers/ army. / Merchants. \ artisans. >. Middle class Professions. / Farmers. —> lower class Slaves. /
55
Give 4 reasons why Egypt declined?
Weak pharaohs Internal power struggles Decline in the military Growth of powerful Mesopotamian empires
56
Name at least 6 achievements of Egypt and Egypt's contribution to mankind
``` Education/ schools Engineering Astronomy Architecture Medicine Mathematics Writing ```

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