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Morphopathology > Workshop 8 - Neoplasia Introduction > Flashcards

Workshop 8 - Neoplasia Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What’s Neoplasia?

A

Neoplasia ( new tissue growth )
is an abnormal tissue proliferation
which is:

  • autonomous
  • perisistent
  • uncoordinated with the surrounding tissues

the growth doesnt stop even after elimintaion of the stimulus with induced the proliferation

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2
Q

How can we make the classification of the neoplasms?

A

according to :

  • cell origin
  • biological behavior
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3
Q

Classification of neoplasm according with
cell origin

A
  1. epithelial neoplasm
  2. mesenchymal / connective tissue neoplasms
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4
Q

Classification of neoplasm according
with biologic behavior

A
  1. benign
  2. malignant
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5
Q

Neoplasm general morphology

A

Both bening and malignant tumors have 2 components:

  1. **parenchyma **
    ( the mass of neoplastic cells )
  2. stroma
    (consists of connective-vascular tissue
    with role of support and nutrition
    ensuring the development of cancer cells )
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6
Q

whats parenchyma?

A

the mass of neoplastic cells

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7
Q

What’s Stroma?
which is its role?

A

consists of connective-vascular tissue

with role of support and nutrition
ensuring the development of cancer cells

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8
Q

morphological feautures of benign neoplasms

A

a benign neoplasm is a tumoral mass

  • well-defined edges
  • grows slowly
  • without local invasion into adjacent tissues
  • does not disseminate elsewhere in the body
  • has a good prognosis
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9
Q

morphological features of malignant neoplasm

( cancer )

A

is a tumoral mass :

  • ill-defined borders
  • grows rapidly
  • infiltrating and destroying surrounding areas
  • can spread ( metastasis ) in other tissues and organs
  • has a reversed prognosis
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10
Q

Terminology for neoplastic diseases

What is tumor?

A

The tumor is a
neoplastic cell mass ( a swelling tissue )​

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11
Q

Terminology of neoplastic diseases

neoplasm term defines…?

A

both benign and malignant tumors

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12
Q

terminology of neoplastic diseases

for what neoplasma are we using the term cancer?

A

for malignant tumor

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13
Q

names of tumors

for benign tumors
( connective tissue and epithelial )

A

Benign tumors

  1. Benign tumors of connective tissue :
    add -oma at the end of the tissue origin
    ex. fibroma
  2. Benign tumors of epithelial tissues :
    add - oma at the end of tissue architecture
    ex. papilloma
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14
Q

names of tumors

malignant tumors
( connective and epithelial tissue )

A

malignant tumors of :

  1. connective tissue
    add - sarcoma in the origin
    ex. fibrosarcoma
  2. epithelial tumor
    add -carcinoma in the origin
    ex. epidermoid carcinoma
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15
Q

benign epithelial tumors

by what tissues are composed?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. epidermoid membrenes
  3. glandular epithelium
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16
Q

Benign epithelial tumors

classification according to the
tissue of origin

A
  1. papillomas
  2. adenomas
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17
Q

Benign epithelial tumors

subtypes of benign epithelial tumors

papilloma

A

papilloma subtypes

  • squamous papilloma ( skin )
  • condiloma accuminatum
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18
Q

Benign epithelial tumors

subtypes of benign epithelial tumors

adenoma

A
  1. adenoma
    ( thyroid , adrenal, breast )
  2. adnomatous polyp - familial
    adenomatous polyposis coli
    - Tubular
    - Villous
    - Tubulo-vilous
  3. Cystadenoma
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19
Q

Papilloma
origin

A

Has origin in squamous or epidermoid epithelium

  • epidermis ( skin papilloma)
  • epidermoid mucous membranes :
    oral, laryngeal epithelium
    ( laryngela papilloma )
  • urothelial or transitional epithelium
    ( tranzitional papilloma )
  • galactofore ductal channels
    ( intraductal papilloma )
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20
Q

Papilloma
name

A

add - papilloma

ex. skin papilloma

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21
Q

Papilloma

Squamocellular Papilloma
definition

A

It is a tumoral epithelial proliferation
with origin in epidermis

22
Q

Papilloma

Squamocellular papilloma
Macroscopically

A

It is a vegetative tumor projecting on the skin surface
of various dimensions ( 1-2cm )
a large basis of implantation and
irreguar surface

23
Q

Papilloma

Squamocellular papilloma

microscopically

A

A vegetative tumor composed of proliferated scuamocellular epithelium with

  • normal structure
  • preserved stratification
    ( basal, squamous, granular, keratin layer )
  • disposed on connective-vascular
    finger-like projections

on cut section :

the nodular elements are coverd by proliferated epithelium
and are centred by a fibrovascular core,
with roll of support and nutrition

24
Q

Papilloma

Condiloma accuminatum

definition
most common location and etiology

A

Condiloma accumination is a mucous epidermoid papilloma

these Papillomas of the lining epidermoid mucosa are located frequentely in the perianal region
having as causative agent:
Human Papilloma Virus ( HPV )

25
Papilloma Condiloma accuminatum macroscopically
vegetative tumor composed of bouquets looking as cauliflower lesion
26
Papilloma Condiloma accuminatum Microscopically
Condyloma specific cytology consists in the presence of the HPV viral cytopatic effect : **koilocytosis** Is observed in the most superficial epithelial layers. The superficial epithelial cells present * a perinuclear clear halo * picnotic nucleus * an increased cell volume
27
papilloma give 2 examples of papilloma
1. squamocellular papilloma 2. condiloma accuminatum
28
Adenoma Definition, origin proliferation from...?
adenoma is a **bening epithelial tumor** with origin in **glandular epithelium** * proliferation of glandular epithelium from **cavitary** *exocrine* and *endocrine* organs * proliferation of **ductural** epithelium
29
Adenoma classification ( according with macrosc. appearance, place of origin )
1. adenomas developed from **gladular parenchyma** - macroscopic apperance of *nodule* enclosed in a parenchymal tissue 2. adenomas developes in **cavitary organs** - macroscopic appearance of *polyp* ( pediculated nodule ) or adenomatous polyp ( AP ) 3. Ovarian adenomas have **cystic appearance** - ovarian *cystadenomas* ( OCA )
30
Exocrine glandular adenomas commonly developed in... ​example
commonly developed in mammary glands etc example: _Fibroadenoma of the breast_
31
exocrine glandular adenomas Fibroadenoma of breast macroscopic
Breast fibroadenoma (FA) is a **mixed** **hormono-dependent** ( hyperestrogenism ) tumor macroscopic appearance : * solid * tough * small ( 1-2 cm ) * encapsulated * nodular tumor
32
exocrine glandular adenomas Fibroadenoma of breast ​microscopic
It is an encapsulated nodular tumor enclosed in breast glandular parenchyma FA is a mixt of 2 elemets 1. **epithelial component** is presented by tubular elements lined by a similar epithelium as galactophore channel epithelium **Connective component** Is presented by proliferated fibroblasts 2 histological subtypes * pericanalicular * intracanalicular ​​
33
exocrine glandular adenomas Fibroadenoma of breast ​microscopic pericanalicular
pericanalicular and intracanalicular can coexist pericanalicular : connective tissue **surround** the **ducts** preventing the lumen ducts
34
exocrine glandular adenomas Fibroadenoma of breast ​microscopic intracanalicular
the active proliferation of the fibroblasts * *compresses** the **ducts** resulting * *collapsed** and **branching ducts**
35
Endocine Glandular adenomas accompanied by characteristic endrocrine syndrome
* **thyroid ** excess of thyroxin ( thyreotoxicosis ) * **adrenal** 1. Cortical adrenal secrets - mineralocorticoids ( Conn syndrome ) - glucocorticoids ( Cushing syndrome ) - sexual steroids ( adiposo-genital syndrome ) 2. Medullar secrets catecholimine ( pheocromocytoma ) * **Hypophysis** - excess of ACTH ( cushing syndrome ) - excess of STH ( acromegaly in teenager and gigantism in adult life )
36
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp where are they developed?
on cavitary mucous membranes - rectocolic mucosa - endocervical mucosa - endometrial mucosa
37
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp 3 histological subtypes
1. adenomatous tubular polyps 2. villous polyps 3. tubulo-villous polyps
38
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Adenomatus tubular polyps origination
originates from **glandular epithelium**
39
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Adenomatus tubular polyps Macroscopic
vegetative tumor single or multiple * with short base of implantation * long and thin pedicle * nodular, globular extremity ( tangue bell appearance )
40
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Adenomatus tubular polyps ​Microscopic
composed of : 1. **pedicle** which is coverd of normal epithelium 2. **globular extremity or nodular tumor** which is coverd by proliferated epithelium with reduced secretions of mucous and contains connective vascular stroma ( with role of support and nourishment ) and proliferated glands 3. the **mucosal layer** of the mucosa is intact
41
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Villous polyps origination
from mucosal epithelial surface
42
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Villous polyps ​Macroscopic
a sessile vegetative tumor * with large base of attachment * short and thick pedicle * irregular surface ( due to presence of numerous villi )
43
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Villous polyps ​Microscopic
Composed of villi * centred by a thin **connective**-**vascular** axis * covered by a **proliferated surface** epithelium looking normal or dysplastic with **reduced** mucous secretion Muscle layers of the mucosa is intact
44
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Tubulo-Villous polyps origination
from **mucosal glandular epithelium ** and **mucosal epithelial surface ** is characterized by a combination of the tubular and villous polyps
45
exocrine glandular ademonas adenomatus polyp Tubulo-Villous polyps Microscopically
vegetative tumour, results from proliferation of surface and glandular epithelium the tumor is composed from **villi** sustained by a **branching** connective- vascular core, with role of support and nutrition, containing **numerous glands** limited by a dysplastic epithelium The muscularis mucosa is intact
46
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) what is it?
It is a genetic syndrome characterizd by a **great number of polyps** ( at least 100 ) mainly of **tubular type** located in the **recto-sigmoidian region** It s a **precancernous** lession
47
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) Macroscopic
characterized by the presence of multiple polyps ( over 100 ) of varying size and structure that can undergo malignant transformation
48
Cystadenomas definition types
There are ovary adenomas with gross cystic appearance they can be : * simple * mucinous * papillary
49
simple serous cystadenomas
Is a voluminous tumour composed of **multicular cysts** with **smooth thin walls** and a **serous fluid** content, elaborated by the surface of epithelium
50
simple mucinous cystadenoma
Is a **voluminous** tumour, **unilocular** or **multilocular**, with **smooth walls** and a **mucinous fluid** content, elaborated by the surface epithelium. The mucinous tumours tends to produce larger cystic masses
51
Papillary cystadenoma
Is a voluminous tumour with smooth external surface the inner surface has a cauliflower like appearance this tumour can suffer malignant tranformation

Morphopathology (7 decks)

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