Workshop 8 - Neoplasia Introduction Flashcards
What’s Neoplasia?
Neoplasia ( new tissue growth )
is an abnormal tissue proliferation
which is:
- autonomous
- perisistent
- uncoordinated with the surrounding tissues
the growth doesnt stop even after elimintaion of the stimulus with induced the proliferation
How can we make the classification of the neoplasms?
according to :
- cell origin
- biological behavior
Classification of neoplasm according with
cell origin
- epithelial neoplasm
- mesenchymal / connective tissue neoplasms
Classification of neoplasm according
with biologic behavior
- benign
- malignant
Neoplasm general morphology
Both bening and malignant tumors have 2 components:
- **parenchyma **
( the mass of neoplastic cells ) -
stroma
(consists of connective-vascular tissue
with role of support and nutrition
ensuring the development of cancer cells )
whats parenchyma?
the mass of neoplastic cells
What’s Stroma?
which is its role?
consists of connective-vascular tissue
with role of support and nutrition
ensuring the development of cancer cells
morphological feautures of benign neoplasms
a benign neoplasm is a tumoral mass
- well-defined edges
- grows slowly
- without local invasion into adjacent tissues
- does not disseminate elsewhere in the body
- has a good prognosis
morphological features of malignant neoplasm
( cancer )
is a tumoral mass :
- ill-defined borders
- grows rapidly
- infiltrating and destroying surrounding areas
- can spread ( metastasis ) in other tissues and organs
- has a reversed prognosis
Terminology for neoplastic diseases
What is tumor?
The tumor is a
neoplastic cell mass ( a swelling tissue )
Terminology of neoplastic diseases
neoplasm term defines…?
both benign and malignant tumors
terminology of neoplastic diseases
for what neoplasma are we using the term cancer?
for malignant tumor
names of tumors
for benign tumors
( connective tissue and epithelial )
Benign tumors
- Benign tumors of connective tissue :
add -oma at the end of the tissue origin
ex. fibroma - Benign tumors of epithelial tissues :
add - oma at the end of tissue architecture
ex. papilloma
names of tumors
malignant tumors
( connective and epithelial tissue )
malignant tumors of :
- connective tissue
add - sarcoma in the origin
ex. fibrosarcoma - epithelial tumor
add -carcinoma in the origin
ex. epidermoid carcinoma
benign epithelial tumors
by what tissues are composed?
- epidermis
- epidermoid membrenes
- glandular epithelium
Benign epithelial tumors
classification according to the
tissue of origin
- papillomas
- adenomas
Benign epithelial tumors
subtypes of benign epithelial tumors
papilloma
papilloma subtypes
- squamous papilloma ( skin )
- condiloma accuminatum
Benign epithelial tumors
subtypes of benign epithelial tumors
adenoma
- adenoma
( thyroid , adrenal, breast ) - adnomatous polyp - familial
adenomatous polyposis coli
- Tubular
- Villous
- Tubulo-vilous - Cystadenoma
Papilloma
origin
Has origin in squamous or epidermoid epithelium
- epidermis ( skin papilloma)
- epidermoid mucous membranes :
oral, laryngeal epithelium
( laryngela papilloma ) - urothelial or transitional epithelium
( tranzitional papilloma ) - galactofore ductal channels
( intraductal papilloma )
Papilloma
name
add - papilloma
ex. skin papilloma
Papilloma
Squamocellular papilloma
Macroscopically
It is a vegetative tumor projecting on the skin surface
of various dimensions ( 1-2cm )
a large basis of implantation and
irreguar surface
Papilloma
Condiloma accuminatum
definition
most common location and etiology
Condiloma accumination is a mucous epidermoid papilloma
these Papillomas of the lining epidermoid mucosa are located frequentely in the perianal region
having as causative agent:
Human Papilloma Virus ( HPV )
Papilloma
Condiloma accuminatum
macroscopically
vegetative tumor
composed of bouquets
looking as cauliflower lesion
Papilloma
Condiloma accuminatum
Microscopically
Condyloma specific cytology consists in the presence of the HPV viral cytopatic effect :
koilocytosis
Is observed in the most superficial epithelial layers.
The superficial epithelial cells present
- a perinuclear clear halo
- picnotic nucleus
- an increased cell volume
Adenoma
Definition, origin
proliferation from…?
adenoma is a bening epithelial tumor with origin in glandular epithelium
- proliferation of glandular epithelium from cavitary exocrine and endocrine organs
- proliferation of ductural epithelium
Exocrine glandular adenomas
commonly developed in…
example
commonly developed in mammary glands etc
example:
Fibroadenoma of the breast
exocrine glandular adenomas
Fibroadenoma of breast
macroscopic
Breast fibroadenoma (FA) is a mixed
hormono-dependent ( hyperestrogenism )
tumor
macroscopic appearance :
- solid
- tough
- small ( 1-2 cm )
- encapsulated
- nodular tumor
exocrine glandular adenomas
Fibroadenoma of breast
microscopic
It is an encapsulated nodular tumor
enclosed in breast glandular parenchyma
FA is a mixt of 2 elemets
-
epithelial component
is presented by tubular elements lined by a similar epithelium as galactophore channel epithelium
Connective component
Is presented by proliferated fibroblasts
2 histological subtypes
- pericanalicular
- intracanalicular
exocrine glandular adenomas
Fibroadenoma of breast
microscopic
pericanalicular
pericanalicular and intracanalicular can coexist
pericanalicular :
connective tissue surround the ducts preventing the lumen ducts
exocrine glandular adenomas
Fibroadenoma of breast
microscopic
intracanalicular
the active proliferation of the fibroblasts
- *compresses** the ducts resulting
- *collapsed** and branching ducts
exocrine glandular ademonas
adenomatus polyp
Adenomatus tubular polyps
Macroscopic
vegetative tumor
single or multiple
- with short base of implantation
- long and thin pedicle
- nodular, globular extremity
( tangue bell appearance )
exocrine glandular ademonas
adenomatus polyp
Adenomatus tubular polyps
Microscopic
composed of :
-
pedicle
which is coverd of normal epithelium -
globular extremity or nodular tumor
which is coverd by proliferated epithelium with reduced secretions of mucous
and contains connective vascular stroma
( with role of support and nourishment )
and proliferated glands - the mucosal layer of the mucosa is intact
exocrine glandular ademonas
adenomatus polyp
Villous polyps
Macroscopic
a sessile vegetative tumor
- with large base of attachment
- short and thick pedicle
- irregular surface
( due to presence of numerous villi )
exocrine glandular ademonas
adenomatus polyp
Villous polyps
Microscopic
Composed of villi
- centred by a thin connective-vascular axis
- covered by a proliferated surface epithelium
looking normal or dysplastic
with reduced mucous secretion
Muscle layers of the mucosa is intact
exocrine glandular ademonas
adenomatus polyp
Tubulo-Villous polyps
Microscopically
vegetative tumour,
results from proliferation of surface and glandular epithelium
the tumor is composed from villi sustained by a branching connective- vascular core,
with role of support and nutrition,
containing numerous glands limited by a dysplastic epithelium
The muscularis mucosa is intact
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli
(FAP)
what is it?
It is a genetic syndrome
characterizd by a great number of polyps ( at least 100 )
mainly of tubular type
located in the recto-sigmoidian region
It s a precancernous lession
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli
(FAP)
Macroscopic
characterized by the presence of multiple polyps ( over 100 ) of varying size and structure that can undergo malignant transformation
