Workshop 4 Brain Stem

Question 1

Features of Brainstem

Answer 1

1Corticospinal Tract

DCML
Spinothalamic
#2 Brainstem Pathway connects CNS to cerebellum
#3 Most cranial nerve nuclei are located in the brainstem
#4 Contains control centres involved in life supporting autnomic functions such as respiration, cardiovascular function

Question 2

Mid-Brain Role

Answer 2

Eye Movements, auditory and visual processing

Question 3

Mid-Brain External Features:

Answer 3

Dorsal-Colliculi
Anterior- cerebral peduncles
Separated by the interpeduncular fossa

Question 4

Mid-Brain Internal Features

Answer 4

Dorsal=Tectum
Ventral=Cerebral Peduncle

Question 5

Cerebral Peduncle

Answer 5

anterior 1/2 of the midbrain
post. part (tegmentum)
ant. part (crus cerebri)
tegmentum & crus cerebri separated by the substantia nigra

Question 6

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 6

channel in the midbrain connecting 3rd 4th ventricles

Question 7

Tegmentum?

Answer 7

found in the central part of the midbrain
anterior to cerebral aqueduct

Question 8

Midbrain Tegmentum includes

Answer 8

many nuclei
ascending/descending tracts medial lemniscus/anterolateral tracts
reticular formation

Question 9

Red Nucleus Function

Answer 9

playing important role in early people motor coordination

Relays info to the inferior olive, important source of motor learning signals for the cerebellum

Question 10

Mid Brain S/F, which cranial n nuclei

Answer 10

Oculomotor nerve nucleus
Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

Question 10

Mid Brain S/F, which raphe nuclei

Answer 10

serotonin-producing neurons found in brainstem that send serotonin throughout CNS
many-dopamine-producing neurons

Question 11

Substantia Nigra?

Answer 11

located midbrain
Functionally considered to be part basal ganglia

Question 12

Crus Cerebri?

Answer 12

anterior portion of cerebral peduncle
contains motor tracts, traveling from the thalamus to the pons and spine

Question 13

PAG

Answer 13

area of gray matter that surronds the cerebral aqueducts
play inhibition of pain

Question 14

Pons separated by?

Answer 14

cerebellum and 4th ventricle

Question 15

Pons contains?

Answer 15

neural pathways and tracts that transfer cerebrum to cerebellum (motor)
Cerebrum to medulla (motor)
spinal cord and cranial nerves to the thalamus (sensory)

Question 16

External Anatomical Features (Anterior surface) of the Pons

Answer 16

Basilar Pons- wide anterior bulge rostral to medulla formed by transverse pontocerebellar fibres
Basilar Sulcus: groove in the basilar pons in basilar artery sits

Question 17

Tran-serve Striations and which cranial nerves originate pons?

Answer 17

Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial and Vestbulocochlear

Question 18

External Feautres of the Dorsal:

Answer 18

Stria Medullaris: 4th ventricle is a bundle of nerve fibres crossing transversely from the lateral aspect into the midline
Marking the posterior border b/ pons and medulla

Medial Eminence:
seperated by the posterior median sulcus

Facial Colliculus:
formbed by fibres if the facial nerve

Question 19

Interal Features of the Pons:

Answer 19

Ventral Part: (basillar pons)
contains corticopsinal tract; considered as the rostral extension of the ventral medulla oblongata

Dorsal part= dorsal pons= pontine tegmentum;
all structures dorsal from the basilar pons to the 4th ventrile
forms the floor of the 4th ventricle
connected to the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 20

Pons Nuclei include which cranial nuclei?

Answer 20

Trigeminal
abducen
facial
vestibulocochlear

Question 21

Pontine Respiratory Group?

Answer 21

limits duration of inspiration (pneumotaxic and apneustic centre)

Question 22

Superior Vestibular Nucleus?

Answer 22

orientation and acceleration of head

Question 23

Pedunculopontine Nucleus

Answer 23

sleep arousal

Question 24

Pontine micturtion center

Answer 24

coordinates the activites of the urinary sphincters in the bladder, uriniation

Question 25

Medulla Posi?

Answer 25

continuous rostrally with spinal pons
continuous posteriorly with spinal cord
ant./inf. cerebellum
post. 4th ventricle

Question 26

2 parts of the medulla?

Answer 26

Upper (open), forms lower half of the floor of 4th ventricle, dorsally
Lower (closed) has a central canal

Question 27

Anterior External Surfaces of the Medulla

Answer 27

Anterior Median Fissue: divideds ventral surface in half
Sulci
Pyramids:
cortiospinal tracts-mm of body
corticobulbar-head and neck

Olives

Question 28

Which Cranial nerves come out of the meudlla?

Answer 28

Abducent- emergrs from the junction b/w the pons and medulla
Hypoglossal- ventrolateral sulcus
Glossophargyngeal, Vagus, Accessory- posterolateral sulcus

Question 29

External Dorsal surface of medulla Upper Part?

Answer 29

Median sulcus
Median Eminence: 2 triangular
Vagal Triangle
Hypoglossal Triangle

Question 30

Medulla: External (Lower Part)

Answer 30

Posterior medain Sulcus
Cuneate Tubercle
Gracile Tubercle
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 31

Internal Medulla BrainStem: Grey Matter

Answer 31

Glossppharyngeal
Vagus
Cranial part of Accessory
Hypoglossal
Vital Centres, cardiac, rspiratory, vasmotor
Spinal Nuclues of Trigemenial
Parts of Vestibular and Cochlear Nuclei
Nucleus Gracilis and Nucleus Cuntaneus
Inferior Olivary mm
Arcuate nuclues
Accessory Cuneate nucleus

Question 32

White Matter Internal Features of the Medulla

Answer 32

Ascending
Descending tract
Medial Longitidunial fasciculus

Question 33

Medulla Overall Function?

Answer 33

Respiration
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
Vomitting, Sneezing