Worksheet chapter 2/ Sections 1-2-3 Flashcards
What is the Earth?
A part of our solar system
What is the sun?
Solar system’s centre
Ball of burning gases.
109 times wider than earth
What does the sun create?
A strong pull of gravity
What does the physical force of the sun do?
Keeps the earth and other objects turning
around the sun.
How many planets do we have in our solar system?
8 planets
The Inner planets:
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
● Made of solid rock
● Smaller than the outer planets
● Have a solid surface
● Closest to the sun
The Outer planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptunes
● Made of Gas
● Bigger than the inner planets
● Don’t have a real surface
● Farest from the sun
What does the surface of Mercury look like?
Looks so much like the surface of the moon
What do we have on the surface of Venus?
Active volcanoes
What do we have on the surface of Mars?
The largest volcano in the solar system: Olympus Mons
Is Pluto considered one of the planets in our solar system?
No, it is one of the Dwarf planets
What is Pluto?
A ball of ice and rock
What are the planets in the solar system that don’t have moons?
Mercury and Venus
What are the largest objects in our solar system?
planets
What are the forces that occur on the surface and change the earth’s surface?
Wind and Water
What are the forces that originate deep in the earth’s interior and change the earth’s surface?
Volcanic eruptions and Earthquakes
(first layer of the earth) The crust:
Made of solid rock
(second layer of the earth) The mantle:
Made of molten rock (magma)
(third layer of the earth) The outer core:
Made of liquid metal
(fourth layer of the earth) The inner core:
Made of solid iron
What is the continental drift ?
The theory that the continents were once joined
and then slowly drifted apart
What do plates do?
● Constantly changing the face of the planet.
● Push up mountains
● Create volcanoes
● Produce earthquakes
How do plates move?
So slow, slower than a snail
What are the forces of change?
Subduction:
The continental and sea plates converge/smash together to form mountains and volcanoes
What are the forces of change?
Accretion:
The sea plate slides under the continental plate forming a
trench (crack)
What are the forces of change?
Spreading:
The plates spread/ diverge causing the surface to crack, which lets the magma come out of the surface and turn into lava
Faulting
The plates rub against each other with a big force which widely and deeply cracks the surface into so many faults (deep and large cracks) causing a violent earthquake
What happens when the plates squeeze the earth’s surface ?
The surface curves or folds.
Folding
Forms folds or bends, in layers of rock.
What are the causes of erosion?
1) Wind
2) Glaciers
3) Water
Liquid water
Oceans, lakes and seas
Gas/vapor
The atmosphere holds water vapor or gas
Solid water
Snow or ice
Where do we find salt water?
Oceans and Seas
Where do we find freshwater?
Lakes, Rivers and Springs
Where does the freshwater come from?
Mainly from rain
What are the 4 oceans?
● The Pacific Ocean
● The Atlantic Ocean
● The Indian Ocean
● The Arctic Ocean
What is evaporation?
The changing of liquid water into vapor, or gas.
What causes evaporation?
The sun’s heat
Is the Gulf of Mexico, partially or completely enclosed by land?
Partially enclosed by land
Is the Mediterranean sea, partially, completely or almost completely enclosed by land?
Almost completely enclosed by land
Desalination
Turn ocean water into freshwater by removing the salt.
Where does the groundwater come from?
● Rain
● Melted snow
● Water that drips into the ground from lakes and rivers.
What are the important sources of freshwater?
● Aquifers
● Groundwater
What are the aquifers?
An underground porous rock layer (have small holes
that allow air or liquid to pass through ) often soaked with water in the form of streams
