Worksheet 2

Question 1

What are the four things you look for when evaluating a urine sediment?

Answer 1

Cells
Crystals
Casts
Microorganisms

Question 2

material that settles to the bottom of the urine

Answer 2

urine sediment

Question 3

five examples of urine sediment

Answer 3

epithelial cells
mucus threads
RBC and WBC
hyaline casts
crystals

Question 4

the top, liquid portion of the spun down urine sample

Answer 4

supernatant

Question 5

Glucose in the urine sample

Answer 5

glucosuria

Question 6

RBCs in the urine sample

Answer 6

hematuria

Question 7

Crystals in the urine sample

Answer 7

crystalluria

Question 8

Excess WBCs in the urine

Answer 8

pyuria

Question 9

True / False. The kinds of casts you see when examining a urinary sediment will depend upon the urine pH, temperature, and other physical characteristics.

Answer 9

False

This is crystals – not casts.

Question 10

What is the significance of a positive result on the urine chemistry strip for leukocytes?

Answer 10

This is presumptive evidence and the sample needs to be examined microscopically. There are a lot of false negatives that occur for leukocytes on reagent strips.

Question 11

Leukocyte reagent strips are not valid for what species

Answer 11

cats

Question 12

You have a urine sample that looks very bloody. What can you do to it to make it easier to read the chemical reagent test strip?

Answer 12

Centrifuge the sample and use the supernatant on the reagent strip.

Question 13

List four different things that will cause a positive test for blood on a urine reagent test strip.

Answer 13

Bleeding somewhere along the urinary tract.

Free catch sample from a female in heat.

Free catch or expressed urine from either males or females with inflammatory conditions of the genitals.

Catheter collection from males or females can caused irritation to the urethra.

Question 14

What exactly is a cast?

Answer 14

The precipitate of secreted protein that makes a cast (mold) of the inside of the renal tubule.

Question 15

What is the term used to describe the condition of casts in the urine?

Answer 15

Cylinduria means the presence of casts in the urine.

Question 16

What conclusion can you draw from a patient with significant number of casts?

Answer 16

It can indicate lesions in the renal tubules. ID, qty and report to the doctor for determination of further action.

Question 17

Besides diabetes mellitus, what other condition might result in a positive finding of glucose on a urine test strip?

Answer 17

High carb meals

especially in cats: fear, excitement, restraint

Question 18

Give one example of a disease associated with ketonuria.

Answer 18

Diabetes mellitus

Question 19

Give one example of a disease associated with bilirubinuria.

Answer 19

Bile flow obstruction from the liver to the small intestine, liver disease

Question 20

Give two examples of problems that can cause proteinuria.

Answer 20

Renal disease, both acute and chronic

Excessive amounts of protein

Question 21

is caused by hemolysis that happens intravascularly

Answer 21

hemoglobinuria

Question 22

what color will urine with hematuria from hemoglobinuria be after it’s centrifuged

Answer 22

it will remain red

Question 23

is a protein that is found in muscle that will leak from the muscle into the blood stream if the muscle has severe damage.

Answer 23

myoglobinuria

Question 24

what color is urine with high concentrations of myoglobulin

Answer 24

brown to black

Question 25

what color is urine with low concentrations of myoglobulin

Answer 25

red

Question 26

What is the significance of squamous cells in a urinary sediment?

Answer 26

These cells are usually not considered significant.

They come from the distal urethra, vagina or prepuce.

They are more common in voided samples and are not usually found in samples collected by cystocentesis or catheter.