Working Memory Model

Question 0

What did the WMM focus on?

Answer 0

STM

Question 1

Who was the WMM by and what year was it made?

Answer 1

Baddeley and Hitch 1974

Question 2

Baddeley and hitch 1974 study?

Answer 2

Asked ppts to complete sentence checking task whilst reading out a list of 6 digits. Not many errors made though reaching miller’s capacity boundary……
Concluded that the STM must have more then one component then…
Dual tasking is possible
LTM is a passive store.

Question 3

What are the components the STM contain?

Answer 3

Central executive - key job is retrieving info
This then leads to two slave systems
1.Phonological loop-‘inner voice’ temporary store to hold verbal info in a speech based form.
2.Visuo-spatial sketchpad-‘inner eye’ temporary store to hold visual or spatial info.
Phonological loop consists of an articulatory loop. Words can be maintained.
Visuo spatial consists of visual cache which is linked to the inner voice.

Question 4

Baddeley,Thomson and Buchanan - EVIDENCE FOR PHONOLOGICAL LOOP.

Answer 4

1975- visual word presentations.
Brief exposures then they had to write them down in serial order.
C1- 5 words taken from familiar one syllable words
C2- 5 words from polysyllabic words.
Ppts recalled short words better- word length effect.
Capacity reliant on length of pronunciation of words rather then number of items.

Question 5

Sheperd and feng - Evidence for Visuo spatial sketchpad.

Answer 5

1972-
Imagine folding cubes the arrows should meet..
Time taken to make the decision was related to number of folds in reality.
The Visuospatial sketchpad is used in tasks when manipulation of visual patterns and spatial movement takes place. This study therefore proves that the visuospatial sketchpad exists and it would be difficult to place a range of tasks on this sketchpad.
SHEPARD AND FENG 1972
gave pps shape nets, with arrows on some edges.
had to guess if the arrows would meet
the more folds, the harder it was.

Question 6

Baddeley, Grant, Wight and Thomson

Answer 6

1973-
Followed a spot of light whilst picturing angular capitals.
Had to count angles whilst following the spot of light.
Found difficulty.

Question 7

Logie

Answer 7

1995-
Visual cache stores visual form and colour,
Inner scribe processed spatial and movement info.

Question 8

Why is the central executive important?

Answer 8

Critical role in attention, planning and coordination of information.
Less evidence on central executive.

Question 9

Baddeley 1966 CE

Answer 9

1966-
Look into central executive.
Ppts told to generate random strings of digits on keyboard-NO PATTERNS
Carried out with another Task.
Reciting the alphabet 
Alternating between letters and numbers.

Less random keyboard strings when alternating between letters and numbers.
Both tasks competing for central executive resources.

Question 10

Strengths of WMM

Answer 10

Plausible model
Compatible to modern research
Can apply to cases
Memory functioning
Individual differences in matters of processing.
Individual differences within memory.
Easy to generalise.

Question 11

Negatives of WMM.

Answer 11

No complete understanding.
Central executive unclear
Berz 1995- no account for musical memory we can do tasks whilst listening to music

Question 12

What does the phonological loop allow us to do?

Answer 12

Produce sound out of written info.
Inner voice…. Reading a book silently.
Sub vocal rehearsal or general rehearsal

Question 13

Episodic buffer

Answer 13

Allows us to mix info from different slave systems

Added by Baddeley 2000 more general store.