MULTI STORE MODEL

Question 0

Different stores in sensory memory?

Answer 0

Iconic,Haptic and Echoic store

Question 1

Who made the MMS?

Answer 1

Atkinson and shiffrin 1968

Question 3

3 ways information is affected by?

Answer 3

Capacity,encoding,duration

Question 4

Beliefs of MMS.

Answer 4

Memory is a flow of info through info processing system.

Question 5

How does the STM code information?

Answer 5

Acoustically

Question 6

How does the sensory memory code information?

Answer 6

Visual and auditory, tactile coding.

Question 7

Coding for LTM?

Answer 7

Semantic coding.

Question 8

Sperling 1960

Answer 8

Study into sensory memory.
Tested recall by presenting three rows of letters of 4.
Top.middle.bottom…..three different tones.
Participants estimated recall was 9-10 letters presented from the 12.
Because…. Visualising pictures easily forgotten.
Use of Echoic and Iconic store.

Question 9

Forgetting if the STM?

Answer 9

Displacement

Question 10

Forgetting of the LTM?

Answer 10

Interference.

Question 11

Factors that should be considered about memory stores?

Answer 11

Duration
Capacity
Coding (storing info)
Forgetting

Question 12

Free recall task

Answer 12

A way of testing memory-random order

Question 13

Recency effect?

Answer 13

Remember last few things because they are in STM

Question 14

Primacy effect?

Answer 14

Rehearsed and in LTM can be retrieved when needed.

Question 15

Serial position curve?

Answer 15

Represent a difference between STM AND LTM by influencing one part of curve.

Question 16

Glanzer and cunitz - Evidence between distinction between STM and LTM

Answer 16

1966- showed functional dissociation.
List of words presented one at a time.
2 conditions.
1-Retrieve &Report straight after.
2- Distractor task counting backwards for 30secs.
C1- serial position curve.»» REHEARSED WORDS IN LTM. FIRST WORDS.
C2- Disrupted recency effect last words not recalled well.» STM

Question 17

Glanzer 1972-Factors affecting serial position of curve but not other.

Answer 17

1. Rate of presentation
2. Age of ppt
3. Familiarity of words
   Good support for idea that STM and LTM are separate.

Question 18

Case study that supports distinction between different stores.-

Answer 18

1966-HM- man had severe epilepsy and had brain surgery.
Severe memory deficits. Able to recall events in early life but not events 10years before.
Read magazine over and over again.
Intact STM but LTM was defective. Not able to retrieve new memories or lay some down.

Question 19

Shallace and Warrington study 1970

Answer 19

KF MOTORBIKE ACCIDENT.
INTACT LTM BUT STM WAS DAMAGED.
STM» recency effect of only one item.
Couldn’t keep verbal information.

Question 20

Peterson and Peterson

Answer 20

1959-
Trigrams -three random consonants.
Then had to recall them after regular intervals 3,6,9,12…..
During pause they were asked to count backwards in threes = interference task.
Recall got worse
80% correct recall at 10secs
10% correct at 18secs.
Affects on duration .
If rehearsal is prevented there would be more of a negative affect on recall.Little info remains in STM for 18secs.

Question 21

Bahrick et al (1966)

Answer 21

Investigated LTM…
392ppts.
List names of Ex classmates.- free recall test.
Photo recognition test given or name recognition test given.«< retrieval cue.
90% of names and faces recognised.&laquo_space;60% accurate on free recall
After 30yrs…..declined 30%
After 48yrs name recognition was about 80% accurate.
Photo recognition 40% accurate.

Question 22

Jacobs- capacity of STM

Answer 22

1887- string of letters/digits had to repeat back in same order. Increase if recall wasn’t correct.
Ppts recalled about 9digits 7letters. Capacity increased with age and childhood.
Conclusion–STM limited storage of 5-9 items.
Memory techniques,age and capacity affected recall.
Less digits offered better recall.

Question 23

Miller -

Answer 23

1956- remember about seven items in STM
Capacity of STM is 7+- 2.
Use CHUNKING to combine individual letters or numbers into larger more meaningful units.

Question 24

How does information enter our brains?

Answer 24

Sensory memory,STM,LTM

Question 25

Bahrick and Hall

Answer 25

1991- studied maths at high school
People who tried to recall showed steady decline.
If there was better understanding there would be better memor

Question 26

Baddeley - encoding study

Answer 26

1966- four sets of words
Acoustically similar or semantically similar
And semantically dissimilar
Independent groups design.
Ppts asked to recall words immediately or after 20mins
Pots had problems recalling acoustically similar words immediately after and if recalled after interval they had problems with semantically similar words.

LTM RELYING ON SEMANTIC CODING AND STM ON ACOUSTIC.