Working Memory Flashcards
The first stage of any memory task; refers to the process of recording information into memory.
Encoding
The second stage of any memory task; refers to holding or storing information in memory
Retention
the third stage of any memory task; refers to finding or accessing information in memory
Retrieval
A memory retrieval task in which subjects must reproduce a memory item (or set of items) given the context in which the item occurred (e.g., “write down all the words from list #2”)
Recall
A memory retrieval task in which subjects are given a memory item and must decide whether that item occurred in a particular context (e.g,. “did the word ACCORDION occur in list #1?”)
Recognition
An enhancement of stimulus processing due to prior exposure to another stimulus.
Priming
Material learned once and then forgotten is learned more quickly a second time
Savings in relearning
Experiments on free recall demonstrate better recall of the first and last few items on a list, and poorer recall of all the items in between.
Serial Position Curve
Increased memory for the first few list items in a free recall task.
Primacy effect
Increased memory for the last few list items in a free-recall task.
Recency effect
The theory that forgetting occurs through the mere passage of time
Decay
The theory that forgetting from short-term memory occurs because new items crowd out old items in a limited-capacity storage space
Displacement
A component of working memory in Baddeley’s model, used for storing and operating on verbal representations
Phonological Loop
Confusions between similar-sounding items in verbal short term memory tasks
Acoustic Similary Effect
Disruptive effect of background speech on verbal short term memory tasks.
Irrelevant Speech Effect
Reduced memory span for lists of words containing more syllables.
Word-length Effect
Disruptive effect of repeating a word aloud while engaged in verbal short term memory tasks.
Acticulatroy Suppression
A component of working memory in Baddeley’s model; used for storing and operating on visual representations
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Retrieving one item from memory at a time
Serial Search
Retrieving multiple items from memory at the same time
Parallel Search
Failure to notice changes in a visual scene due to limitations of visual short-term memory
Change Blindess
