Problem Solving Flashcards
A desired state; provides the direction for problem-solving behavior.
Goal
A goal is undertaken in the service of another goal.
Subgoal
An action that changes one problem state into another.
operator
Based on transcripts of subjects asked to “think aloud” while solving problems.
protocol analysis
The set of possible states that could be generated by applying all available operators to the current state, repeating for all the resulting states, and so on until the goal state is reached.
problem space
Representation of the situation at the start of solving a problem.
initial state
Representation of the desired situation in a problem-solving task.
Goal State
Representation of the present situation in a problem-solving task.
Current State
A sequence of states through a problem space leading from the initial state to the goal state.
solution path
Represents operators in the form of condition-action rules.
Production Rule
Searching for a goal state by generating the entire problem space
exhaustive search
A problem-solving strategy in which operators are selected to decrease the difference between the current state and the goal state.
difference reduction
A problem-solving strategy in which blocked operators leads to the creation of new subgoals.
means-ends analysis
A tendency to see the conventional uses of familiar objects, and to fail to see novel uses.
functional fixedness
A tendency to continue using a familiar procedure to solve new problems, which may interfere with discovering more efficient procedures.
Set effects
