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3. History Mr Mainwaring - Industrialisation and Protest > Working Conditions > Flashcards

Working Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

How long was the working week in factories?

A

6 days with 14 hour long days

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2
Q

What was the fine if a worker was 10 minutes late to work?

A

Fined 2 hours of wages

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3
Q

What was the fine if a worker was caught talking?

A

Fined 1 shilling

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4
Q

What was the fine if a worker was wasting resources (e.g. fixing machines under a gas lamp)?

A

2 shillings

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5
Q

When was the Davy Safety lamp created for workers in mines?

A

1815

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6
Q

What were the risks of working underground?

A

Flooding, gas explosions, collapsing shafts etc.

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7
Q

Between 1770 and 1850, how much did production in mines increase by?

A

6 million tonnes to 55 million tonnes

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8
Q

How many meters deep were mines in the 18th century?

A

90m

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9
Q

How many meters deep were mines by 1850?

A

300m

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10
Q

How long was a working week in the mines?

A

12 hours a day - 6 days a week

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11
Q

What was the single most frequent source of discontent among the mining community?

A

That there was no fixed wage

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12
Q

What was the usual wage for women?

A

12-15 shillings per week

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13
Q

How much were women paid compared to men?

A

1/2

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14
Q

What work were women made to do?

A

The work that men didn’t want to do

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15
Q

What was the most common work for women?

A

Being a ‘hurrier’ which involved wearing a chain around their shoulders and hauling carts of coals

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16
Q

How much of the working population were under the age of 20?

A

49%

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17
Q

Describe the story of Martha Appleton.

A

In 1859, Martha Appleton was a 13 year old from Wigan, and she caught her left hand in a working machine which severed her fingers - rather than receiving compensation, she lost her job

18
Q

By 1842, what fraction of the workforce were under the age of 19?

A

1/3

19
Q

What were the dimensions of a back-to-back house?

A

4m wide, one room deep with one bedroom upstairs

20
Q

How many bricks deep were back-to-back houses?

A

3

21
Q

How many windows did back-to-back houses have?

A

1

22
Q

What caused respiratory problems among the working classes in towns?

A

The frequent use of candles, oil lamps and smoke pouring from factory chimneys

23
Q

What were courtyards?

A

Communal areas for washing, toilets and access to properties

24
Q

How much was rent for ‘back houses’?

A

1s 10d per week

25
Q

How much was rent for ‘front houses’?

A

2s 6d per week

26
Q

What fraction of workers in Birmingham lived in back-to-back housing?

A

2/3

27
Q

How many back-to-back houses did Nottingham have by 1841?

A

12,600

28
Q

Where and when was the first major cholera outbreak and how many people died?

A

The first major cholera outbreak was in 1831, which spread around the country and killed 32,000 within 1 year

29
Q

How much did the population in urban areas increase by every decade?

A

27%

30
Q

How much did towns with over 2500 people, absorb of the total increase of England’s population between 1801-41?

A

67%

31
Q

When was the Municipal Corporations Act?

A

1835

32
Q

In Chadwick’s 1842 report, how many streets did he inspect in Manchester?

A

687

33
Q

In Chadwick’s 1842 report, how many of the streets that he inspected were unpaved?

A

248

34
Q

In Chadwick’s 1842, how many of the streets that he inspected were ill-ventilated?

A

112

35
Q

In Chadwicks 1842 report, how many of the streets that he inspected had stagnant pools of effluence or piles of rubbish?

A

252

36
Q

How many people died from diphtheria and scarlet fever each year?

A

4000

37
Q

In what years were there 4 major outbreaks of typhoid?

A

1830-36

38
Q

How many people died from Asiatic cholera in 1832?

A

52,000

39
Q

How many people died from Asiatic cholera between 1848-49?

A

70,000

40
Q

How many people died from asiatic cholera between 1853 and 1854?

A

30,000

41
Q

How many people died from Asiatic cholera in 1866?

A

18,000

42
Q

What % of children died before their fifth birthday according to Chadwick’s report?

A

57%

3. History Mr Mainwaring - Industrialisation and Protest (3 decks)

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