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3. History Mr Mainwaring - Industrialisation and Protest > The Impact of Industrialisation > Flashcards

The Impact of Industrialisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the first recognised bankers in Britain?

A

Goldsmiths

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2
Q

Why did Goldsmiths in London have lots of trade?

A

More people looked to them for secure deposits and a means to borrow funds.

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3
Q

How did Goldsmiths help the economy grow during industrialisation?

A

It made financial transactions much easier and safer which meant new businesses could access funds quickly and become more established.

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4
Q

When were county banks allowed to issue bank notes?

A

1797

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5
Q

What effect did county banks distributing bank notes have on the middle classes?

A

Prompted the development of personal banking, and also gave employers an effective way of paying wages from a central fund.

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6
Q

What impact did the availability of capital have on industry?

A

Emerging technological innovations could be adopted commercially and across the nation.

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7
Q

What impact did the increased availability of capital have on cottage industries?

A

Turned them into large scale productions because there were now funds to build or buy and furnish factories with machinery etc.

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8
Q

How much was Britain importing in 1761?

A

3 million lbs

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9
Q

How much was Britain importing in 1833?

A

300 million lbs

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10
Q

How many people were being employed in 1833?

A

833,000

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11
Q

When did Richard Arkwright invent the water frame?

A

1769

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12
Q

When did Samuel Crompton invent the spinning mule?

A

1779

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13
Q

What is a joint stock bank?

A

The title given to a bank owned by several people, each with shares in the bank’s capital.

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14
Q

When was the cap removed allowing the growth of joint stock banks?

A

1826

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15
Q

What happened when banks grew in size?

A

They became more stable and investors felt more confident with the protection that joint-stock banks gave them.

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16
Q

What happened to smaller private banks as stability grew?

A

They were absorbed by larger joint-stock banks which meant they were able to manage large great sums of money and operate on a national scale.

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17
Q

Where and when was the first joint stock bank?

A

Lancashire Banking Company - October 1826

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18
Q

When were joint stock banks in London allowed to issue cheques?

A

1833

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19
Q

By what year were there 154 joint stock banks and how many branches did they have nationwide?

A

1866 - 850

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20
Q

When did the Marquess of Bute build the docks at Cardiff Bay?

A

1839

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21
Q

Who established the Whitehaven Harbour in Cumberland?

A

Earl of Lonsdale

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22
Q

Before 1801, how many acres of land were there in Britain?

A

37.3 million

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23
Q

Before 1801, how much of Britain and Wales land was under arable cultivation?

A

1/4

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24
Q

Before 1801, how much of Britain and Wales land was under pasture and meadow?

A

1/4

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25
Q

Before 1801, how much of Britain and Wales land was waste and barren land?

A

1/4

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26
Q

How much of land in Scotland was uncultivable?

A

3/4

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27
Q

In 1801, what happened to the size of arable acreage?

A

Stayed the same

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28
Q

In 1801, what happened to the size of land that was pasture and meadows?

A

Rose by 20%

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29
Q

In 1801, what happened to the size of waste land in the North West of England?

A

Declined

30
Q

In 1801, how many acres in Scotland were waste?

A

19 million

31
Q

How much did crop yields increase by in the 18th century?

A

40%

32
Q

How much of the increase in crop yields during the 18th century was caused by the intense use of land?

A

2/3

33
Q

Why were people losing jobs in the countryside?

A

Enclosure of land

34
Q

What were turnpike trusts like in the 1770s?

A

Were local and inefficient. They were unable to maintain heavily used roads which degenerated in bad weather into muddy tracks.

35
Q

By what year were there 22,000 miles of turnpike roads?

A

1836

36
Q

By 1850 how many miles of railways were there?

A

6000

37
Q

When international trade grew, where did industry move to?

A

Areas with good transport links

38
Q

Where was the centre of textile manufacturing?

A

North-West England

39
Q

Where was there a strong mining and ship building industry?

A

North-East England

40
Q

What did the Midlands become well known for?

A

Engineering works

41
Q

Why did the wool industry falter in the south?

A

They lost out to Yorkshire, who had better access to coal to power the steam engines in mills and factories

42
Q

By 1851, how many cities had a population with over 50,000 people?

A

29 (previously only London and Edinburgh)

43
Q

By 1851, how many cities by had populations of over 100,000?

A

9

44
Q

What was London’s population by 1851?

A

2.3 million

45
Q

By 1851, how many workers were there in Britain?

A

9.7 million

46
Q

By 1851, what % of workers worked in textiles?

A

6%

47
Q

How much did carpenter’s wages in London increase by between 1765 and 1795 of the rates paid in London?

A

64% to 88%

48
Q

How much did urban areas grow by between 1801 and 1851?

A

23%-29%

49
Q

How much did Glasgow’s population grow by in the 1810s?

A

46%

50
Q

How much did Manchester’s population grow by in the 1820s?

A

44%

51
Q

How much did Bradford’s population grow by in the 1810s?

A

63%

52
Q

How much did Bradford’s population increase by in the 1820s?

A

69%

53
Q

How much did Bradford’s population increase by in the 1830s?

A

52%

54
Q

What fraction of children died in their first years of life?

A

3/20

55
Q

How many children failed to reach their 5th birthday?

A

1/2

56
Q

By 1800, what % of people lived in towns?

A

25%

57
Q

By 1880, what % of people lived in towns?

A

80%

58
Q

What fraction of workers were employed in the manufacturing industry by 1801?

A

2/5

59
Q

What fraction of workers worked in the manufacturing industry by 1871?

A

2/3

60
Q

How much did work in agriculture and fisheries decline by?

A

From 35% of the population to 15% of the population

61
Q

How much of national capital was invested in industry, trade and transport in 1760?

A

5%

62
Q

How much of national capital was invested industry, trade and transport in 1860?

A

26%

63
Q

What was the average annual income per person in 1750?

A

£12

64
Q

What was the average annual family income by 1780s?

A

£24

65
Q

How many miles of navigable canals and waterways were there by 1820?

A

4000

66
Q

By 1811, how much did British manufactures produce and how much of this was exported?

A

By 1811, British manufacturers produced £130 million worth of goods of which £40 million was exported

67
Q

How much was Richard Arkwright worth when he died in 1792?

A

£500,000

68
Q

How many men did Benjamin Gott employ in the wool industry?

A

1500

69
Q

How much did Benjamin Gott have in the bank?

A

£100,000

70
Q

What did Richard Crawshay own?

A

The Cyfartha ironworks at Merthyr Tydfil

71
Q

How many people did Richard Crawshay employ?

A

5000

72
Q

How much was Richard Crayshaw worth by 1830?

A

£200,000

3. History Mr Mainwaring - Industrialisation and Protest (3 decks)

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