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Bio Lecture > Workbooks Section 1 > Flashcards

Workbooks Section 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The classification of organisms based on the number of characters they share

A

Phenetics

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2
Q

The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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3
Q

Shared ancestral characters

A

Can be used to determine when two groups diverged.

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4
Q

What are used extensively by the molecular biologist to determine relationships?

A

Nucleotides and Proteins

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5
Q

The systematist would be most interested in

A

Evolutionary relationships and ancestries

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6
Q

Which organisms are placed in the domain Eukarya?

A

Plants, fungi, and protist

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7
Q

In what ways are fungi different from plants?

A

Fungi are not photosynthetic.
Fungi have a different mode of reproduction.
Fungi have a different body structure.

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8
Q

What is the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships?

A

Systematics

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9
Q

What includes the largest number of organisms?

A

Phylum

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10
Q

A taxon is a formal grouping of organisms that cannot be separated into subgroups.

A

True

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11
Q

Characteristics of viruses include

A

They are acellular.
They do not carry on metabolic activities.
They are not classified in any of the the domains; yet they infect creatures in each of them.
They do not produce rRNA since they have no organelles like ribosome.
They can only produce when inside a cell.
Their genome can integrate into their host’s DNA.

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12
Q

A virus is virulent when it

A

Has a lytic cycle (causes a cytopathic effect).

Causes disease.

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13
Q

When a host bacterium exhibits new properties because of a prophage, the phenomenon is called

A

Lysogenic conversion

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14
Q

The characteristics of life that viruses do NOT exhibit are

A

Independent movement, cellular structure, and independent metabolism.

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15
Q

Classification of viruses into species and order and families is extremely artificial since

A

They cannot interbreed in nature are required for the definition of a species.
It makes more sense to classify them based on host range and disease caused.

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16
Q

A small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from the main chromosome

A

Is referred to as a plasmid.
Sometimes carries antibiotic resistance or virulence factors.
Is found in archaea, Cyanobacteria, and eubacteria.

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17
Q

Characteristics of prions include

A

They are rnisfolded PrP proteins.
They can arise spontaneously as the result of a mutation.
They are protein particles.
They can cause cells to malfunction.

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18
Q

The coat surrounding the nucleic acid core of a virus is

A

A capsid
Made of protein
Composed of capsomeres

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19
Q

The virus that causes AIDS and so,e types of cancer is a

A

Retrovirus and RNA virus

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20
Q

Important difference between virulent and temperate viruses is that only the temperate virus

A

Does not always lyse host cells in the lysogenic cycle.

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21
Q

Protist may be

A

Unicellular
Eukaryotic
Simple multicellular organisms
Colonial

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22
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have been derived from

A

Endosymbionts and aerobic bacteria

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23
Q

Excavates

A

Are generally endosymbionts
Obtain energy through fermentation
Are flagellated

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24
Q

The Paramecium

A

Is a ciliated
Is eukaryotic
Has a pellicle
Has multiple nuclei

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25
Q

The parasite that causes malaria is in the phylum

A

Apicomplexa

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26
Q

A protozoan whose cells bear a striking resemblance to specialized cells in sponges is the

A

Choanoflagellate

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27
Q

Kingdom Protista possess both plant-like and animal-like characteristics which is a classic example of what genus?

A

Euglena

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28
Q

Members of the genus Euglena

A

Are flagellated
Have a pellicle
Possess chlorophyll
Are mixotrophs (Are heterotrophic and autotrophic)

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29
Q

Protists can be found in the supergroups

A 
Chromalveolates
Unikonts
Rhizarians
Excavates
Archaeplastids
30
Q

Red tide, typically caused by a species of Gonyaulax

A

Is caused by a toxin produced by dinoflagellates.
Is responsible for large fish kills.
Occurs in nutrients-rich, warm waters.

31
Q

The diploid stage in the life cycle of the causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium, occurs in

A

Mosquitoes

32
Q

Because of their similarity to other organisms, water molds were once classified as

A

Fungi

33
Q

Cellular slime molds

A

Are unikonts
Reproduce using spores
Are classified as amoebozoa
Form a slug when conditions are not optimal

34
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which both “partners” benefits is known as

A

Mutualism

35
Q

A symbolic relationship in which one “partner” benefits and the other is unaffected is known as

A

Commensalism

36
Q

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between

A

Fungi and plant roots

37
Q

Fungal hyphae that contain two genetically distinct nuclei within each cell are known as

A

Dikaryotic

n+n

38
Q

Fungi

A

Are heterotrophs
Are eukaryotes
Possess cell walls
Digest food outside their bodies

39
Q

A lichen can be composed of

A 
Alga and fungus
Photoautotroph and fungus
Cyanobacteria and ascomycete
Alga and basidiomycete
Alga and ascomycete
40
Q

Fungi can reproduce

A 
Sexually
Asexually
By spore formation
By simple division
By budding
41
Q

The black fungus growing on a piece of bread

A

Is heterothallic
Has coenocytic hyphae
Is in the phylum Zygomycota

42
Q

The genus Penicillium

A

Produces the flavor in Roquefort cheese
Produces the antibiotic penicillin
Produces the flavor in Brie cheese

43
Q

Lichen can be used as indicators of air pollution because they

A

Cannot excrete absorbed elements

Do not grow well in polluted areas

44
Q

A mass of filamentous hyphae is called a

A

Mycelium

45
Q

Yeast participates in the brewing of beer by

A

Producing nutrients such as B vitamins
Fermenting grain sugars
Producing ethyl alcohol

46
Q

If you eat just any mushroom that you find in the wild, there’s a chance that you will likely

A 
Die
Become intoxicated
Hallucinate
Become nauseated
Ingest the drug psilocybin by the mushroom
47
Q

A fungus infection throughout the body obtained by exposure to bird droppings is likely

A

Histoplasmosis

48
Q

Chrytrids (aka chytridiomycetes)

A

Are fungi
Inhabit damp or wet environments
Have flagellated spores

49
Q

Fungi can be found growing

A 
In moist habitats.
In tree and plant roots.
In soil associated with Dichanthelium lanuginosum (hot springs panic grass) of geothermal hot springs.
Where organic material is available.
In the wood of buildings.
50
Q

The cell walls of fungi contain

A

Carbohydrates and chitin

51
Q

Coenocytic fungi

A

Are elongated
Are multinucleated
Lack septa

52
Q

The clade opisthokonts include

A

Fungi
Animals
Choanoflagellates

53
Q

Terms associated with sexual reproduction in fungi include

A

Zygote nucleus
Plasmogamy
Karyogamy

54
Q

Features some fungi share with some plants include

A

A cell wall
Growth to relatively large sizes
Both sexual and asexual reproduction possible
Alternation of generations

55
Q

Microsporidia

A 
Infect eukaryotic cells
We're once assigned to Protozoa
Produce a polar tube
Are opportunistic pathogens
Have two developmental stages
56
Q

Species of yeast that are self-fertile are referred to as being

A

Homothallic

57
Q

Terms associated with basidiomycetes include

A 
Primary mycelium
Cytoplasmic streaming
Karyogamy
Gills
"Fairy rings"
58
Q

Spores grow

A

Into gametophyte plants
Into a haploid plant
To form a plant body by mitosis

59
Q

Plants all have

A

Chlorophyll a&b
Xanthophyll
Carotene
Yellow pigments

60
Q

A strobilus is

A

On a diploid plant
On a vascular plant
Found on horsetails

61
Q

The gametophyte generation of a plant

A

Is haploid

Produce haploid gametes by mitosis

62
Q

When a gamete produces by an archegonium fuses with a gamete produced by a male gametophyte plant, the result is

A

A diploid zygote
The first stage in the sporophyte generation
Called fertilization

63
Q

Plant sperm cells form in

A

Haploid gametophyte plants

Product of buds from a protonema

64
Q

The sporophyte generation of a plant

A

Is diploid

Produces haploid spores by meiosis

65
Q

Liverworts

A

Are bryophytes

Can produce archegonia and antheridia on a haploid gametophyte

66
Q

The spore cases on a fern are

A

Usually on the fronds
Called sporangia
Often arranged in a sorus

67
Q

The leaves of vascular plants that evolved from stem branches

A

Are megaphylls

Contain more than one vascular strand

68
Q

Land plants are thought to have evolved from

A

Green algae

Charophytes

69
Q

All plants

A 
Have a cuticle covering the aerial portion of the plants.
Develop form multicellular embryos.
Are a monophyletic group.
Store starch.
Evolved from a green algae.
70
Q

The water conducting portion of the plant vasculature is the

A

Xylem

71
Q

Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively classified as

A

Archaeplastids

72
Q

Whisk ferns

A

Are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics.
Should be classified as reduced ferns.
Are in phylum Pteridophyte.
Have vascularized stems.

Bio Lecture (4 decks)

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