WORKBOOK 03 Flashcards
Pasado de be going
(was/were) going
I was going to get married (but I didn’t)
They were going to study art (bu they didn’t)
Was she going to take the course?
Weren’t you going to study law?
She thought she would be a doctor
They said they would pay (But they didn’t)
They said they were going to arrive before noon
but they didn’t
should have
regrets
may have OR might have
expresar posibilidad o especular
would have OR could have
expresar CON CERTEZA, posibilidades irreales
must have
Draw conclusions
I don’t know why she married him. He –(MUST/SHOULD) BE– the only man available.
MUST HAVE BEEN
I –(SHOULD/MAY) STUDY– architecture. I –(MUST/WOULD) BE really good at it
SHOULD HAVE STUDIED
WOULD HAVE BEEN
Jenna’s not studying Chinese anymore. I guess it –(SHOULD/WOULD) BE– too hard to learn Chinese and Japanese at the same time
WOULD HAVE BEEN
We didn’t know we were going to have five children. We – (COULD NOT / SHOULD NOT) BUY– such small house.
SHOUL NOT HAVE BOUGHT
Ella still loves Ben. She – (MUST NOT / SHOULD NOT) BREAK UP – with him.
SHOULD NOT HAVE BROKEN UP
When I was Young, everyone thought I was a great Singer. But I decided to become a lawyer instead. Looking back, I think I – (MAY / SOULD) DECIDE – on the wrong career.
MAY HAVE DECIDED
Someone might have heard us talking on the phone.
Did anyone hear them talking?
YES NO MAYBE
MAYBE
Jen, You could have gone with Steve
Did Jen go with Steve
YES NO PROBABLY
NO
We should have invited Rita to come to dinner with us.
Did they invite Rita?
YES NO MAYBE
NO
I must have left my keys at home.
Did she leave her keys at home?
YES NO PROBABLY
PROBABLY
The kids shouldn’t have watched that scary movie.
Did the kids watch a scary movie?
YES NO MAYBE
YES
I (LEAVE) before I finished my work. But I did.
Shouldn’t have left
James (TAKE) the job offer, but he didn’t
SHOULDN’T HAVE TAKEN
Bethany (TALK) to Dave. I haven’t talked to her yet, but she’ll tell us tonight.
MUST HAVE TALKED
You (SELL) your car, but unfortunately, you did.
SHOULDN’T HAVE SOLD
Harry (GET) home already, but I doubt it.
MUST HAVE GOTTEN
We (DO) anything differently, could we?
COULDN’T HAVE DONE
Al combinar dos frases
Los pronombres relativos who, whom y that se pueden omitir, cuando van justo antes de un sujeto, nunca cuando vayan detrás de un verbo.
Una las dos oraciones (1-7)
Coloque entre paréntesis el pronombre relativo cuando pueda ser omitido. (Pronombre relativo más pronombre puede omitirse el primero)
- The holiday takes place in July. I told you about the holiday (that)
The holiday (that) I told you about, takes place in July.
- The person should bring flowers. The person comes for dinner. (who)
The person who comes for dinner, should bring flowers.
- Hanbok is a dress. Women in Korea wear it for chuseok, (that)
Hanbok is a dress (that) women in Korea wear for chuseok.
- People enjoy Halloween. People like wearing costumes (who)
People who like wearing costumes, enjoy halloween
- The celebrations are a lot of fun. The celebrations take place during Mardi Gras (that)
The celebrations that take place during Mardi Gras are a lot of fun.
- The friend went to Thailand for his vacation. I told you about the freind (whom)
The friend whom I told you about, went to Thailand for his vacation.
- My friends spent New Year’s Eve wih me. They came from Germany (who)
My friends who spent New Year’s Eve with me, came from Germany.
pronombres recíprocos
one another; each other. Significan lo mismo, pero one another es más formal.
On Christmas, in many places, people GIVE AND RECEIVE presents
On Christmas, in many places, people give EACH OTHER presents.
During the party people THROW WATER AT OTHER PEOPLE on the street
During the party people THROW WATER ONE ANOTHER on the street
En oraciones con condicionales
Presente - Presente; Presente - Futuro (IF REALES) y Pasado - Would (IF IRREALES)
Nunca use FUTURO ni WOULD en la frase que lleva IF
Nunca diga:
If you will buy the car
If the phone would have
If you want a economic car, you need something smaller (REAL)
IF you buy Toyota, you’ll get fuel efficiency. (REAL)
If I were you I wouldn’t buy a chinese car (IRREAL, YO NO SOY TÚ)
If BlackBerry had a good Smartphone, it would be good. (IRREAL, NO LO TIENE)
If the TV (were / would be) on sale, I (will / would) buy it.
If the TV WERE on sale, I WOULD buy it.
Most people (buy / will buy) modern products if they (have / will have) enough money
Most people WILL BUY modern products if they HAVE enough money.
If they (would invent / invented) a safe way to text-message while driving, people (will / would) be very happy.
If they INVENTED a safe way to text-message while driving, people WOULD be very happy.
i (won’t / wouldn’t) buy a bad pone if i (have / had) all the money in the world.
I WOULDN’T buy a bad pone if i HAD all the money in the world.
IF PAST PERFECT (HAD + PARTICIPIO) Todos los casos son IRREALES
Result: WOULD HAVE / COULD HAVE
If she had rented an economical car, she wouldn’t have spent so much money
If Jonás hadn’t invented a vaccine against polio, many more people would have gotten the disease.
Could they have prevented the accident if they had known the tires were so old?
How many people would have been injured if air bags hadn’t been invented?
If we had thought about our travel plans, we (wouldn’t go / wouldn’t have gone) to the desert in the summer.
If we had thought about our travel plans, we WOULDN’T HAVE GONE to the desert in the summer.
We would have bought more food if we (HADN’T KNOWN / HAD KNOWN) that so many people were going to come.
We would have bought more food if we HAD KNOWN that so many people were going to come.
If they (HAD TRAINED / WOULD HAVE TRAINED) the puppy better, she wouldn’t have destroyed their home.
If they HAD TRAINED the puppy better, she wouldn’t have destroyed their home.
México está al norte de Guatemala
Mexico is to the north of Guatemala
Mexico is north of Guatemala
Honduras está ubicada al sur
Honduras is located to the south
Tikal está en el norte
Tikal is in the north
Ciudad de Guatemala está en el sur
Guatemala City is in the south
Coban está ubicada en la parte central de Guatemala
Coban is located in the central part of Guatemala
Todo lo que esté cerca del AGUA
Usa la preposición ON
Champerico está en la costa oeste de Guatemala
Champerico is ON the west coast OF Guatemala
Flores está en el borde sur del Lago Petén
Flores is ON the south shore OF Lake Petén
El rancho está ubicado en el Rïo Motagua
El Rancho is located on the Motagua River.
Vladivostok está ubicado en la costa este de Rusia
Vladivostok is located ON the eatern coast OF Russia.
PARA ALERTAR O DAR EXPLICACIONES
TOO + ADJETIVO + INFINITIVO
Es muy oscuro para ir de caminata ahora.
It’s too dark to go hiking now.
Esas peñas están muy empinadas para treparlas
Those cliffs are too steep to climb.
NUNCA: Those cliffs are too steep to climb THEM
PARA ALERTAR O DAR EXPLICACIONES, aclarando a quien se dirige la alerta o la explicación
TOO + ADJETIVO + SUJETO + INFINITIVO
Es muy peligroso para los niños, ir a nadar allá
It’s too dangerous for children to go swimming there.
Don’t you think this map is (understand / them / confusing)
Don’t you think this map is too confusing for them to understand?
VERBOS SEGUIDOS POR UN GERUNDIO
AVOID; CAN’T STAND; DON’T MIND; DISCUSS; DISLIKE; ENJOY; FEEL LIKE; PRACTICE; QUIT, SUGGEST; STOP
VEBOS SEGUIDOS POR UN INFINITIVO
AGREE; CHOOSE; DECIDE; EXPECT; HOPE; LEARN; NEED; PLAN; SEEM; WANT; WISH; WOULD LIKE
VERBOS SEGUIDOS POR LO QUE SEA (GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO)
BEGIN; CONTINUE; HATE; LIKE; LOVE; PREFER
El uso de THE con nombres propios
Se usa THE cuando el nombre propio lleva la preposición OF
REPUBLIC OF KOREA (THE)
THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
GULF OF MEXICO (THE)
THE GULF OF MEXICO
KINGDOM OF THAILAND (THE)
THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND
Cuando el nombre propio es plural
Se usa THE
The Philippines; The Netherlands
The United States; The Andes Mountains
Con acrónimos
NO use THE
UCLA; UN
OPEC; NATO
Cuando el nombre propio se refiere a una Universidad o Coelgio
NO use THE
International Language Institute (THE)
THE International Language Institute
Harvard University (THE)
Harvard University
Para dar una explicación usando ENOUGH
ADJETIVO + ENOUGH + INFINITIVO
She’s old enough to vote
He’s not busy enough to complain
It isn’t close enough to walk
He is tall enough to reach that
ON
SOBRE LA COSTA, SOBRE UN RÍO
AT
GENERAL
IN
SPECIFIC
DESPUÉS DE PREPOSICIONES
EL VERBO VA CON ING
1
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