Work and Employment

Question 1

Define primary sector

Answer 1

The exploitation of raw materials from the land, sea or air e.g. farming and mining.

Question 2

Define secondary sector

Answer 2

The manufacturing of primary materials into finished products e.g. car building, food processing or construction.

Question 3

Define tertiary sector

Answer 3

The providing of services to individuals and other businesses e.g. teaching and nursing.

Question 4

Define formal employment

Answer 4

Official jobs with set hours and rate of pay. People who is formally employed pay taxes directly to the government

Question 5

Define informal employment

Answer 5

Unofficial jobs that have no set hours or rates of pay. People who are informally employed avoid paying tax and are usually self-employed

Question 6

Define TNCs

Answer 6

Transnational corporations are companies that operate in more than one country

Question 7

Advantages of TNCs

Answer 7

• Creates jobs for local people
• Locals with jobs then spend money in their local economy at local businesses => GDP and local economy improves
• TNCs will pay local and government taxes
• Jobs at a TNC will be in the formal economy
• They introduce new technology into the country
• Infrastructure like roads and ports are often upgraded and benefit the whole economy
• Diversifies the economy, might move away from the reliance on one industry like farming or tourism

Question 8

Disadvanatges of TNCs

Answer 8

• Local workers often do manual jobs which are poorly paid and often workers suffer exploitation
• There will be some economic leakage as profits from TNCs go back to their home country
• Increasingly manufacturing processes => mechanisation => less workers needed
• Products produced by TNCs maybe too expensive for locals to buy. TNCs may also use local raw materials.
• The increased demand created by TNCs may cause local inflation.
• If the government is building new roads or a port for a TNC it probably means that they can’t spend as much money on education or healthcare.

Question 9

Define BRICS

Answer 9

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. These a five countries that are developing quickly and are often referred to as the emerging markets. They have formed their own group to discuss economic policy and development.

Question 10

Triangular graphs

Answer 10

Triangular graphs are excellent for showing three connected pieces of data that add up to 100%. Includes:

• Population structure: old dependents, young dependents and economically active
• Employment structure: primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector.