Word Classes Flashcards
Nouns
Naming words (objects, places, feelings, ideas, ect…)
Proper Noun
Refers to a specific place or person
Common Nouns
Less specific, referring to types of people, places, ect…
Concrete Nouns
Refers to things that exist physically
Abstract Nouns
Refers to things that do not exist physically
Collective Nouns
Refers to groups of people, animals, or objects
(team, family, flock)
Count Nouns
Refers to something that can be counted
Mass Nouns
Refers to something that cannot be counted
Comparative Adjectives
Used to make comparisons
(hotter, better, more warm)
Superlative Adjectives
The most ____
(hottest, best, biggest)
Evaluative Adjective
Giving an opinion
(Ugly, amazing, disastrous)
Quantitative Adjective
Amount/Quantity
(Some, many, few)
Attributive Adjective
Gives detail about the quality of a person/thing
Numeral Adjectives
First, Secondly, Five
Verbs
Action words
Infinitive
The form which all other forms of the verb are derived
(to be, to walk, to decide, ect…)
Main Verb
The single verb that expresses the main meaning
Auxiliary Verbs
The verbs that are placed in front of the main verb
(e.g I must have been thinking)
Primary Verbs
be, have, do
Modal Auxiliaries
Only ever used in conjunction with a main verb
(can, will, should, shall, may, must, could, would, might)
Present Tense
Refers to something currently happening or that is continually happening
Past Tense
Refers to events that happened previously
Active Verbs
The thing performing the action is emphasized
(The minister has issued an apology)
Passive Verbs
Emphasis is on the object of the verb
(An apology has been issued by the minister)
Material Verbs
Describes actions or events
(Hit, run, push, read)
Relational Verbs
Describes states of being or are used to identify
(Be, appear, become, seem)
Mental Verbs
Describes perception, thought, or speech
(Think, speak, believe, love)
Dynamic Verbs
Process where there is a change in state over time
(Paint, remove, eat)
Stative Verbs
Processes where the situation remains constant
(Love, know, believe)
Adverbs
Give more information about the verbs
Adverbs of Manner
How something is done
(Well, badly, cleverly)
Adverb of Place
Where something is done
(Here, there, everywhere)
Adverbs of Time
When something is done
(Now, then, soon, tomorrow)
Adverbs of Duration
How long something is done for
(Briefly, always, sometimes)
Adverbs of Frequency
How often something is done
(Weekly, daily, always, frequently)
Adverbs of Degree
To what extent something is done
(Rather, much, quite, hardly)
Pronouns
Words that take the place of nouns
Possessive Pronouns
Show possession
(hers, theirs, his)
Subjective Pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we they
Objective Pronouns
Me, you, us, him, her, it, them
Reflexive Pronoun
Indicate that the object of a verb is the same as its subject
End in -self or -selves
(He congratulated himself)
Demonstrative Pronoun
Have a sense of pointing at something or someone
(this, that, these)
Indefinite Pronouns
Do not refer to specific things or people
(Anybody, no one, anything, everything)
Relative Pronouns
Act as linking words in a sentence and are always placed after the noun they refer to
(A city that has many tourist attractions)
Interrogative Pronouns
Used when asking a question
(who, whose, which, what)
Conjunctions
Join together different parts of a sentence
Coordinating Conjunctions
Used when the parts of the sentence joined together are of equal value
(and, but, or)
Subordinating Conjunctions
Connect a subordinate clause to a main clause
(because, although, unless, until)
Prepositions
Indicate how one thing is related to something else, can be in position, direction, and time
Determiners
Precede nouns and refer directly to them, most commonly ‘the’ and ‘a/an’
Possessive Determiners
my, our, your, his, her, its, their
Demonstrative Determiners
this, that, these, those
Enumerator
Numbers
(Three, ninety-seventh, second, last)
Interjection
Interrupts the sentence, primitive expressions of feeling and attitude
(Oh, ah, ugh, oops, yeah ect..)
