Word Classes

Question 1

Articles

Answer 1

the, an, are

Question 2

Noun

Answer 2

Person, place, thing, idea

Question 3

Verb

Answer 3

Action, state of being, state

Question 4

Semantic Definitions

Answer 4

Can be language specific and some categories are not easily defined Eg. could be both/either a noun/adj

Question 5

Adjective

Answer 5

Word that describes the noun

Question 6

Words with no semantic definition

Answer 6

that, of

Question 7

Open Class

Answer 7

Categories to which new words are easily added

Question 8

Closed Class

Answer 8

Categories to which new words are difficult to add

Question 9

Lexical items

Answer 9

Provide semantic context of sentence Eg. nouns, verbs, adj, adv

Question 10

Functional Items

Answer 10

Structural ‘glue’ that links different part of a sentence Eg. determiners, prepositions, complementizers, auxiliaries, modals

Question 11

Complementizer

Answer 11

Introduces a complement clause

Question 12

Auxiliary

Answer 12

Eg. be, do, have, shall, would, can, could, may, might

Question 13

Modals

Answer 13

Verbs that express a possibility Eg. could, might

Question 14

Infinitive Marker

Answer 14

Eg. to play, to go

Negated by ‘not’

Question 15

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 15

Require one argument

Eg. The green lizard /jumped/.

Question 16

Transitive Verbs

Answer 16

Two arguments

Eg. I /baked/ a cake

Question 17

Ditransitive Verbs

Answer 17

Three arguments

Eg. Clayton /gave/ the child a flower.

Question 18

Ambitransivity

Answer 18

Some languages allow changes amongst these categories without changing the verb form or adding any morphology

Question 19

Noun phrases

Answer 19

Typically function as argument of verbs - Their relationship is semantic and syntactic

Question 20

Agent

Answer 20

Entity causing an event Eg. /Kitty/ is chasing butterflies

Question 21

Patient

Answer 21

Entity acted upon when changing state Eg. John opened /the door/

Question 22

Experiencer

Answer 22

Animate entity perceiving stimulus and undergoing a mental process Eg. /Hope/ doesn’t like cake.

Question 23

Theme

Answer 23

Entity undergoing location change/location mentioned Eg. The fire alarm forced /Hope/ to leave Towers.

Question 24

Stimulus

Answer 24

Object of perception Eg. Suddenly, she heard a piercing /scream/

Question 25

Recipient

Answer 25

Animate entity of event that acquires something Eg. Yan gave pads to /Hope/

Question 26

Beneficiary

Answer 26

Entity that benefits from event Eg. Hope baked a cake for /Rhiannon/

Question 27

Location

Answer 27

Describes spatial reference point Eg. Brixham is in /Torbay/

Question 28

Goal

Answer 28

End-point location of an entity Eg. The frog jumps into the /pond/

Question 29

Case

Answer 29

Capitalising first word of sentence, proper noun, etc. Indicates grammatical relation

Question 30

Attribute Adjective

Answer 30

Directly modify noun and fixed position Eg. Beautiful woman

Question 31

Predicative Adjective

Answer 31

Appears outside of the noun phrase Eg. He seems tired

Question 32

Morphosyntactic Marking

Answer 32

For adjectives in other languages Eg. -er or 'more' in English