Woolfolk Ch 9 Vocab Flashcards
Executive control processes
Processes such as selective attention, rehearsal, elaboration and organization that influence encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in memory
Metacognition
Knowledge about our own thinking processes
KWL
A strategy to guide reading and inquiry: Before�What do I already know? What do I want to know? After�what have I learned?
Learning strategies
A special kind of procedural knowledge�knowing how to approach learning tasks
Concept map
A drawing that charts the relationships among ideas
Cmaps
Tools for concept mapping developed by the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition that are connected to many knowledge maps and other resources on the internet
Production deficiencies
Failing to activate a learning strategy�a production�when it is appropriate and useful to use the strategy
LINCS Vocabulary strategy
A strategy that uses stories and imagery to help students learn how to identify, organize, define, and remember words and their meanings
Problem
Any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find the means to do so
Problem solving
Creating new solutions for problems
Schema driven problem solving
Recognizing a problem as a “disguised” version of an old problem for which one already has a solution
Algorithm
Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions
Heuristic
General strategy used in attempting to solve problems
Means-end analysis
Heuristic in which a goal is divided into sub goals
Working-backward strategy
Heuristic in which one starts with the goal and moves backward to solve the problem
Analogical thinking
Heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one at hand
Verbalization
Putting your problem-solving plan and its logic into words
Functional fixedness
inability to use objects or tools in a new way
Response set
Rigidity; the tendency to respond in the most familiar way
Representiveness heuristic
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototype�what you think is representative of the category
Availability heuristic
Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common
Belief perseverance
The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence
Confirmation bias
Seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence
Creativity
Imaginative, original thinking or problem solving
Divergent thinking
Coming up with many possible solutions
Convergent thinking
Narrowing possibilities to a single answer
Restructuring
Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way
Insight
Sudden realization of a solution; the ability to deal effectively with novel situations
Brainstorming
Generating ideas without stopping to evaluate them
Critical thinking
Evaluating conclusions by logically and systematically examining the problem, the evidence, and the solution
Argumentation
The process of debating a claim with someone else
Transfer
Influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive (not reproductive) use of cognitive tools and motivations
Overlearning
Practicing a skill past the point of mastery
