Woolfolk Ch 12 Vocab Flashcards
Motivation
an internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behaviour
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation associated with activities that are their own reward
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation created by external factors such as rewards or punishments
locus of causality
the location�internal or external�of the cause of behaviour
Reward
An attractive object or event supplied as a consequence of a behaviour
Incentive
an object or event that encourages or discourages behaviour
Humanistic interpretation
Approach to motivation that emphasizes personal freedom, choice, self-determination, and striving for personal growth
Expectancy x value theories
Explanations of motivation that emphasize individuals’ expectations for success combined with their valuing of the goal
Sociocultural views of motivation
Perspectives that emphasize participation, identities, and interpersonal relations within communities of practice
Legitimate peripheral participation
Genuine involvement in the work of the group, even if your abilities are undeveloped and contributions are small
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s model of seven levels of human needs, from basic physiological requirements to the need for self-actualization
Self-actualization
fulfilling one’s potential
Deficiency needs
Maslow’s four lower-level needs, which must be satisfied first
Being needs
Maslow’s three higher level needs, sometimes called growth needs
Need for autonomy
The desire to have our own wishes, rather than external rewards or pressures, determine our actions
Cognitive evaluation theory
Suggests that events effect motivation through individual perception of the events as controlling behaviour or providing information
Goal
What in individual strives to accomplish
Goal orientation
Patterns of beliefs about goals related to achievement in school
Mastery goal
A personal intention to improve abilities and learn, no matter how performance suffers
Performance goal
A personal intention to seem competent or perform well in the eyes of others
Work-avoidant learners
Students who don’t want to learn or to look smart, but just want to avoid work
Social goals
A wide variety of needs and motives to be connected to others or part of a group
Epistemological beliefs
Beliefs about the structure, stability, and certainty of knowledge, and how knowledge is best learned
Entity view of ability
Belief that ability is a fixed characteristic that cannot be changed
Incremental view of ability
Belief that ability is a set of skills that can be changed
Attribution theories
Descriptions of how individuals’ explanations, justifications, and excuses influence their motivation and behaviour
Self-efficacy
A person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task
Learned helplessness
The expectation, based on previous experiences with a a lack of control, that all one’s efforts will lead to failure
Mastery-oriented students
students who focus on learning goals because they value achievement and see ability as improvable
Failure-avoiding students
Students who avoid failure by sticking to what they know, by not taking risks, or by claiming not to care about their performance
self-handicapping
students may engage in behaviour that blocks their own success in order to avoid testing their true ability
Failure-accepting students
students who believe their failures are due to low ability and there is little they can do about it.
Anxiety
General uneasiness, a feeling of tension
Motivation to learn
the tendency to find academic activities meaningful and worthwhile, and to try to benefit from them
Academic tasks
The work the student must accomplish, including the content covered and the mental operations required
importance of attainment value
The importance of doing well on a task; how success on the task meets personal needs
Interest or intrinsic value
The enjoyment a person gets from a task
utility value
The contribution of a task to meeting one’s goals
Authentic task
Tasks that have some connection to real-life problems the students will face outside the classroom
Goal structure
The way students relate to others who are also working towards a particular goal
