Wool Terms! Flashcards
includes any wool that is manufactured into cloth for use as clothing
apparel wools
the wool that grows on the belly of the sheep and occasionally extends up the side in irregular patches. It is usually uneven, different in grade from the body of the fleece.
Belly Wool
wool containing a large amount of wool grease combined at the tip of the wool staples with dirt, usually obtained from merino sheep. this wool is usually fine in quality, of good character, and desirable in type, but the shrinkage is high.
Black Top Wool
A term reserved for any wool containing black fibers. A fleece having only a few black fibers is rejected be a grader and goes into the black wool.
Black Wool
In great Britain, all fine Australian wools are known as _____ wools. Also a term for all classes of fine wool.
Botany Wools
light-colored farm wool, as compared to semi-bright wool which is darker in color due to soil conditions. both types scour out to a good white color
Bright Wool
wool from the thigh and twist region of the sheep. It is the coarsest and poorest wool on the entire fleece. it is usually manure encrusted and urine stained
Britch Wool
A fleece from a buck or a ram. the wool usually has a heavy shrinkage due to excessive wool grease, thus this fleece is not worth as much as wool from ewes or wethers
Buck Fleece
Wools heavy in vegetable matter - including burrs, leaves, seeds, twigs, which require special and expensive processing in their removal
Burry Wool
Wool from south africa
Cape Wool or Capes
A type of pelt produced by young lambs of karakul breeding
Caracul
the act of treating wool with chemicals, usually acids, to destroy and remove the burrs without serious damage to the wool.
Carbonizing, carbonized wool
A machine which is used to separate the wool fibers by opening the locks or tufts of wool. The machine contains multiple rolls with teeth.
Card
an operation which converts loose, clean, scoured wool into continuous, untwisted strands.
carding
synonymous with clothing wools - wools that are too short to be manufactured by either the bradford or french systems, so must be manufactured by the woolen system
carding wools
the wool is coarse, harsh, strong, and more suitable for carpets than fibers. very little wool of this type is produced in the united states. some of the choicer carpet wools are used to make tweeds or other rough sport clothing
Carpet Wool
wool containing a considerable amount of chaff
chaffy wool
this term usually refers to scoured wool, but occasionally it is used to describe grease wool that has a minimum amount of vegetable matter
clean wool
usually refers to the total annual production from any given flock, state, or country
clip
under 1 1/2 inches in length and distinguished from combing wool by its shorter length.
clothing wool
Cloudy wool
Wool that is off-color. It may be due to wool becoming wet while in a pile
Color Defect
Any color that is not removable in scouring, such as urine stain, dung stain, canary stain, and black fibers
combing
an operation in the worsted system of removal of the short fibers (boils) and forgone impurities. the long fibers are straightned out and laid parallel
Combing wools
wools having sufficient length and strength to comb. According to standards, lengths of fibers for strictly fine combing must be over 2 3/4 inches, with an increase in length as the wool becomes coarser
cordova
long, coarse wool from Argentina, largely used for carpets
Cotty wool
wool that has matted or felted on the she eps back. caused by insufficient wool grease being produced by the sheep, usually due to breeding or sickness.
cowtail
a coarse, hairy-like fleece or very low quality britch wool
crutching
this is an Australian term which refers to the practice of clipping the wool from the rear end of the ewes before turning them to green pasture in the spring, and prior to lambing.
dead wool
wool pulled from dead (not slaughtered ) sheep. wool recovered from sheep that have been dead for some time is sometimes referred to as “Merrin”
Delaine Wool
fine, strictly combing wool, usually obtained from the state of Ohio. delaine wool does not necessarily have to come from the delaine merino
Depilatory
a solution or paste - usually consisting of sodium sulphide, sulfuric acid, and ground oyster shells - applied to the flesh side of poets in order to loosen the fibers from the skin in preparation for the wool-pulling process.
doggy wools
wool that have no character and show the rests of lack of breeding. these wools are usually short, coarse, and lacking in feel
domestic wool
this term has two meaning. 1) it includes al wool grown in the united states as against foreign wool. 2) it includes wools produced on farms east of the intermountain and range regions of the united states, which are also known in the trade as fleece wools. texas wools are not included in the latter group
down wool
wool of medium fineness produced by such “down Breeds” as the southdown and shropshire. these wools are lofty and well suited for knitting yarn.
Dung Locks
britch wool locks that are encrusted together in a hardened dung
eastern pulled wool
wool from sheep and lambs slaughtered in the east. the wool is pulled from the skins after it has been loosened, usually by a depilatory. pulled wool should not be confused with dead wool
Fall wool or fall-shorn wool
wool shorn in the fall following four to six months growth. only a small percentage of the total U.S. wool production is the product of twice a year shearing
fellmonger
a dealer in poets who pulls the wool from the skins, scours the wool, and tans or pickles the skins
felting
the property of wool fibers to interlock when rubbed together under conditions of heat, moisture, and pressure. no other fiber can compare with wool in felting properties
French combing wools
wools intermediate in length between strictly combing and clothing. french combs can handle fine wools from 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 inches in length. the yarn is softer ad loftier than bradford (worsted) yarn
