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Sheep Science 404G > Test One > Flashcards

Test One Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sheep are the ____ domesticated farm animal

A

First

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2
Q

Sheep were domesticated how many years ago?

A

10,750 years ago

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3
Q

sheep were first domesticated in what country?

A

Iraq

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4
Q

Sheep were domesticated for what purposes?

A 
Wool
Meat
Milk
Hide
Work
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5
Q

domesticated sheep are…

A

timid
defenseless
gregarious (flocking animal)

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6
Q

What breed of sheep is known for its great flocking abilities and why?

A

Merino sheep, These sheep had 90 paces of land and if they crossed this they were the property of the king and the king would kill them

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7
Q

What is the reason for sheeps timidness, defenselessness, and dumbness?

A

HUMANS

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8
Q

Domestic sheep stem from two breeds what are they?

A

Mouflan : origin is turkey, mountain sheep

Asiatic Ural : Origin Asia-europe, grassland sheep

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9
Q

Kingdom

A

Animalia

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10
Q

Phylum

A

chordata

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11
Q

class

A

mammalia

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12
Q

order

A

artiodactyla

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13
Q

family

A

bovidae

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14
Q

genus

A

ovis

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15
Q

species

A

aries

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16
Q

1,000 AD

A

Spain leading sheep country with merinos

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17
Q

1492/1493

A
  1. spain and england are sheep leaders

2. columbus leaves for west indies

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18
Q

1519

A
  1. cortez - merinos to mexico from Spain

2. origin of navajo sheep

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19
Q

1609

A

British breeds to virgina (southdown, shropshire, hampshire)

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20
Q

1639

A
  1. 400 sheep in boston (wool production)

2. hang dog swamp (killed dogs who went for sheep)

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21
Q

1810

A

New york and new england sheep centers

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22
Q

1840

A
  1. new york, new england, ohio, pennsylvania sheep centers
  2. far west : 10,000 head/mission (merinos)
  3. 19 million head in US
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23
Q

1850

A
  1. Ohio valley and great lakes

2. westward movement through civil war

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24
Q

how many head of sheep were in the US in 1867?

A

46.3 million sheep (ohio had the most)

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25
Q

how many head of sheep were in the US in 2012?

A

5.3 million sheep

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26
Q

reason for sheep decline since peak in 1942? (6 reasons)

A
  1. high risk- low return
  2. labor shortage
  3. grazing allotments (lack of land)
  4. synthetic fibers
  5. prestige (beef cattle are 1st)
  6. World war 2
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27
Q

5 characteristics of sheep?

A
  1. Form of horns
  2. mature body size
  3. Size and shape of ears
  4. Leg Color
  5. Mouth/Teeth
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28
Q

What is a scur?

A

Small horn 3-4”, normally not attached to skull but is attached to skin

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29
Q

What does polled mean?

A

Absence of horns

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30
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Barbados Blackbelly

A

Ewe : 75-120

Ram : 110-140

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31
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-St. Croix

A

Ewe : 100-140

Ram : 140-160

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32
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Finn

A

Ewe : 110-150

Ram : 150-175

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33
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Southdown

A

Ewe : 120-150

Ram : 160-225

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34
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Suffolk

A

Ewe : 175-250

Ram : 250-350

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35
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Hampshire

A

Ewe : 170-250

Ram : 250-400

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36
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-Polypay

A

Ewe : 130-180

Ram : 180-240

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37
Q

Ewe/Ram Weights LBS

-White Dorper

A

Ewe : 170-200

Ram : 225-275

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38
Q

Sheep have how many incisors?

A

8 incisors ( bottom )

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39
Q

Sheep have what kind of cleft in there mouth?

A

vertical Cleft

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40
Q

The top of the she eps mouth is called what?

A

Dental pad

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41
Q

what is parrot mouth?

A

upper jaw protruding over the lower jaw

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42
Q

what is monkey mouth?

A

lower jaw protruding over the upper jaw

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43
Q

How many teeth does the sheep have?

A

32 teeth

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44
Q

how many canine teeth does a sheep have?

A

0

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45
Q

how many pre molars does a sheep have?

A

12 - 6 on top, 6 on bottom

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46
Q

how many molars does a sheep have?

A

12 - 6 on top, 6 on bottom

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47
Q

What is a tuft?

A

Wool covering the ear of the sheep

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48
Q

What is the domesticated sheeps greatest predator?

A

The Dog - kills many at a time

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49
Q

What state today has the greatest sheep numbers?

A

Texas

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50
Q

What is the average market weight of choice slaughter lambs?

A

ethinic - 40 lbs

traditonal - 100-120 lbs

51
Q

what is the average dressing percentage for choice slaughter lambs?

A

50-52%

52
Q

what type of feed is fed to most sheep in the US?

A

roughage

53
Q

During what season of the year are most sheep sheared?

A

Spring

54
Q

what are the 4 components of a sheep stomach?

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
  4. abomasum
55
Q

How long is the estrus cycle for the ewe?

A

20-42 hours, 16-17 days later again if she is not breed

56
Q

how long is a ewe’s gestation length?

A

147 days

57
Q

what does “artificially reared lambs” mean?

A

orphaned lambs on artificial milk replacer

58
Q

Stock sheep and lambs on farms peaked in what two years?

A

1884, 1942

59
Q

The west holds the most sheep, what are the 12 west states?

A
  1. Washington
  2. Oregon
  3. California
  4. Arizona
  5. Nevada
  6. Idaho
  7. New Mexico
  8. Montana
  9. Wyoming
  10. Colorado
  11. Utah
  12. South Dakota
60
Q

what is a gland?

A

an organ that secretes (separated from blood, elaborated and discharged by an epithelial cell or cells of glands) a substance to be used in the body or to be eliminated from the body

61
Q

Where is suborbital (crumen) gland located?

A

beneath the corner of the eye from a duct (canal) to the surface of the skin

62
Q

The waste secreted from the suborbital gland will be _____ in nature?

A

fatty (sebaceous)

63
Q

where is the interdigital gland located?

A

between the toes of each foot, as well as the groin area

64
Q

Sheep use the scent of which gland to find there way back to the flock if lost?

A

interdigital gland

65
Q

what duct causes lameness if blocked?

A

interdigital gland

66
Q

where are the sweat glands located?

A

in the skin over the entire sheeps body

67
Q

the secretion of the sweat glands is called what in wool?

A

suint

68
Q

what is responsible for the unique odor of sheep?

A

dried suint

69
Q

what does the sweat gland secrete?

A

water, potassium, salt, long chains of fatty acids

70
Q

where are the sebaceous glands located?

A

over the entire body connected to each wool fiber

71
Q

The sebaceous gland secretes which product?

A

primarily cholesterol

72
Q

what gives wool a greasy feeling?

A

cholesterol from the sebaceous gland and suint from the sweat glands.

73
Q

the combination of suint and cholesterol in the wool is called what?

A

yolk

74
Q

what is the formula for calculate percent shirk?

A

grease wt-clean wt/grease wt X 100

75
Q

which seep have the smallest amount of wool shrinkage? (fine wool)

A

merino, rambouillet

76
Q

how many pounds of grease wool does it take to make a woman’s coat?

A

6 lb.

77
Q

how many pounds of grease wool does it take to make a mens suit?

A

8.7 lb.

78
Q

what is the diameter of one wool fiber?

A

11 microns

79
Q

wool ranges from how many fibers/square inch?

A

5,000-50,000 (50,000 being the nicer finer wool)

80
Q

more dense the fibers….

A

the finer (smaller) the diameter the higher the quality of wool

81
Q

wool ranges from how many inches in diameter?

A

.007-.0016

82
Q

wool ranges how many inches long?

A

1-20 inches

83
Q

The best quality wool is how many inches long?

A

5

84
Q

the worst quality wool is how many inches long?

A

20

85
Q

wool can stretch up to how much percent of its length?

A

30%

86
Q

wool ranges in how many crimps per inch?

A

5-36 crimps/inch

87
Q

what allows wool to be stretchy ?

A

crimps

88
Q

diameter by diameter, wool is stronger than ____

A

steel

89
Q

finest wool is found on what part of the sheep?

A

shoulder

90
Q

What is the chemical composition of wool?

A 
C=50%
O=25%
N=16%
H=7%
S=2%
Keratin-hard fibrous protien
91
Q

4 properties of fine wool

A
  1. serrated surface
  2. crimpy, wavy
  3. elastic
  4. internal structure
92
Q

4 properties of hair

A
  1. smooth
  2. lacks crimp
  3. won’t stretch
  4. medulla
93
Q

What are the three layers to wool and hair follicles?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. cortex
  3. medulla
94
Q

define medulla

A

inner part of wool or hair fiber (hallow-filled with air)

95
Q

define cortex

A

outer portion of hair or wool fiber

96
Q

define epidermis

A

outer epitheilal layer of external integument (an enveloping layer)
nonsensitive, nonvascular

97
Q

what are the 10 virtues of wool?

A
  1. porous
  2. insulator
  3. light weight
  4. dye goes directly into fiber
  5. durable
  6. non-flammable
  7. easily felted
  8. resilient
  9. static resistant
  10. versatile
98
Q

wool can absorb up to what percent without feeling damp?

A

18%

99
Q

wool can absorb up to what percent without being saturated?

A

50%

100
Q

what does an insulator do?

A

keep cold out, heat in

101
Q

what kind of wool do soldiers use?

A

tropical warstedd wool
comes from fine wool
very expensive

102
Q

Blood grade is based on what sheep breeding percentage?

A

Merino sheep

103
Q

what are the 6 grades used in blood grading?

A
  1. fine
  2. 1/2 blood
  3. 3/8 blood
  4. 1/4 blood
  5. low 1/4 blood
  6. common/braid
104
Q

1 hank = ____ yards

A

560 yards of a single standard strand of clean wool yarn

105
Q

define hank

A

a coiled bundle (yarn, rope, wire) usually contained in a definite yardage

106
Q

17 microns = _____ inch

A

.0007 inch

107
Q

what is the microns and hank in fine blood grade wool?

A

17.70-20.04 microns

80s, 70s, 64s, 62s

108
Q

what is the microns and hank in 1/2 blood grade wool?

A

22.05-24.94 microns

60s, 58s

109
Q

what is the microns and hank in 3/8 blood grade wool?

A

24.45-27.84 microns

56s, 54s

110
Q

what is the microns and hank in 1/4 blood grade wool?

A

27.85-30.99 microns

50s, 48s

111
Q

what is the microns and hank in low 1/4 blood grade wool?

A

31.00-34.39 microns

46s

112
Q

what is the microns and hank in common/braid blood grade wool?

A

34.40-40.20 microns

44s, 40s, 36s

113
Q

hampshire sheep come from

A

england

114
Q

polypay sheep come from

A

dubois, ID

115
Q

white dorper sheep come from

A

south africa

116
Q

define topknot

A

very light (dry) wool, shorter than rest of fleece. found on head

117
Q

define neck wool

A

light conditioned (small amount of grease), long staple wool which may contain matted lumps

118
Q

define shoulder wool

A

the best wool grown by sheep. This wool grades finer in fiber diameter than the rest of the fleece

119
Q

define main sort

A

sometimes called side of fleece wool. it represents the average grade for the fleece

120
Q

define back wool

A

similar to side wool, but usually shows more weathering and carries dirt and vegetable matter more than the balance of the fleece

121
Q

define britch wool

A

coarsest part of the fleece. it may contain some modulated (hallow) fiber. found on back legs

122
Q

define arm piece

A

shorter staple wool than the balance of the fleece, except the topknot

123
Q

define hairy shanks

A

hairy or kempy fiber containing very little wool. It is used in low manufacturing like horse blankets when blended with other wool

124
Q

define stained wool

A

wool that will not wash white and is very heavy in condition (urine, feces)

Sheep Science 404G (3 decks)

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