Woods

Question 1

Name 6 softwoods:

Answer 1

Pine, Spruce, Douglas Fur, Redwood, Cedar and Larch

Question 2

Name 6 hardwoods:

Answer 2

Oak, Ash, Mahogany, Teak, Birch and Beech

Question 3

What are the properties of softwood?

Answer 3

loose grain, needles, evergreen, cheaper, Coniferous, easier to work with, usually found in cooler climates, grows fast (20-40 years) and highly used in building

Question 4

What are the properties of hardwood?

Answer 4

tight grain, can bare fruit, looses its leaves in the winter, expensive, Deciduous, harder to work with, found in more tropical countries, slow growing (150+ years) and mainly used for flooring

Question 5

What are some common uses of Pine
side note: can it be uses outside

Answer 5

carpentry, turpentine, rosin, oils and wood tars
it is a good choice for the outdoors

Question 6

what are some common uses of Spruce
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 6

inside furniture, still used in construction, and manufacturing paper
is not a good choice for the outdoors

Question 7

what are some common uses of Douglas fir
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 7

manufacturing of sashes, doors and windows. is still used in carpentry
it is very suited for the outdoors

Question 8

what are some common uses of redwood
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 8

commonly used in outdoor furniture, veneer and construction
highly used and suited for the outdoors

Question 9

what are some common uses of Cedar
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 9

cladding, fencing, garden furniture, landscaping
its aromatic smell and natural insect-repellent, lend itself to being used outside

Question 10

what are some common uses of larch
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 10

Veneer, Utility Polls, Fence Posts, Boatbuilding, Construction Lumber
it is very ideal for outside furniture

Question 11

what are some common uses of Oak
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 11

furniture, joinery, flooring, panelling, decking and veneers.
it is a good choice for the outdoors, due to its natural resistance towards the elements and to pest attacks

Question 12

what are some common uses of Ash
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 12

staircases, treads, moulding, timber frames and tools
it is not suited to outdoor uses

Question 13

what are some common uses of Mahogany
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 13

furniture joinery, flooring veneers and musical instruments.
although it can be used outside it must be left out of direct contact with the sun as heat can damage the wood and its finish

Question 14

what are some common uses of Teak
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 14

decking on boats and anything that is going to be put under a lot of stress for a long period of time
it is very suitable for the outdoors due to how durable and stable it is

Question 15

what are some common uses of birch
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 15

Plywood, boxes, crates, turned objects, interior trim, and other small specialty wood items
it is not good for the outdoors

Question 16

what are some common uses of beech
side note: can it be used outside

Answer 16

furniture, cabinetry, cooking utensils, tool handles, plywood and sports equipment.
it is not suited for the outdoors

Question 17

What are the 6 manufacturing boards?

Answer 17

Plywood, Marine Plywood, Aero ply, Flexible plywood, Chipboard, Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

Question 18

What are the stock forms?

Answer 18

Rough sawn - not smooth
PSE (planed square edge) - smooth all round
PAR (planed all round) - All sides and edges are planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish and ready to use
Mouldings - skirting boards, frames
Veneers - thin cuts of wood glued onto other materials

Question 19

what are the timber defects?

Answer 19

Splitting - occurs at the end of a plank
knots - this is where there used to be a branch
Dry rot - occurs when the moisture level of the wood is over 20% and the room is not ventilated
woodworm - this is where the larvae eat the wood for a year till they become an adult

Question 20

What are two ways of seasoning
plus a little about them

Answer 20

Natural seasoning this is where the wood is left outside under a roof and placed of the ground letting the wood dry naturally with air
Kiln seasoning is where the stack of wood is placed into a room that is well ventilated removing the moisture through the vent.

Question 21

advantages and disadvantages of kiln seasoning

Answer 21

Advantages:
Accurate water content achieved
12% or lower moisture content achievable
Kills bugs and fungus
Fast
Disadvantage:
Expensive

Question 22

advantages and disadvantages of Natural seasoning

Answer 22

Advantages:
Cheap
Som e say the timber is stronger than kiln seasoned
Disadvantage:
Very slow ( a year per inch thickness)
Bugs and fungus survive
Water content hard to control accurately
Ends of planks can split