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Mod 6 > Wooden Structures > Flashcards

Wooden Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What type of wings are truss type mainly used on?

A

Fabric covered

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2
Q

Main woods used in truss type wings?

A

Spars- Sitka spruce
Compression members- steel or aluminium alloy
Drag and anti-drag wires- steel

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3
Q

What is a box spar?

A

A box structure built into the wing to take all of the bending and torsional loads. This also helps form the shape of the wing

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4
Q

What are some factors that can weaken glued structures?

A 
Chemical damage
Blocked drainage holes
Mechanical damage
Microbiological
Oil leak or fuel contamination
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5
Q

What can be done to preserve woods?

A

Store in dry clean hangar

Keep out of strong sunlight or bad weather

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6
Q

What should be done before inspecting a wooden aircraft?

A

Externally inspected for signs of gross deformation or structure failure

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7
Q

What should be checked for when opening panels?

A

Check for a musty smell which indicated damp or fungus development

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8
Q

What should be done when splits are encountered?

A

Investigate for cause or further damage

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9
Q

How can the timber and glue joints inspected?

A

Certain “trouble spots” can be cut out for inspection or just a detailed inspection around those areas

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10
Q

What are access holes and how are they cut?

A

The cut outs for inspecting timber or glue joints.

Cut with sharp trepanning tool to prevent jagged edges

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11
Q

What should be done first when checking glue lines?

A

Carefully scrape the paint off, stopping at the wood.

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12
Q

How are the glue lines inspected?

A

Using a magnifying glass.

If defect is suspected, then probe with thin feeler gauge

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13
Q

What would indicate dry rot and water penetration?

A

Dry rot- small patches of crumbling wood

Water penetration- dark colouration and grey streaks along the grain.

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14
Q

What is a way to confirm water penetration in the structure?

A

Remove some screws and check the level of corrosion on them, which indicates what the damage is in the surrounding structure.

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15
Q

What should be done if water penetration is suspected on the surface?

A

Peel back the fabric and inspect the ply skin for damage

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16
Q

What are some other defects to look for on wooden aircraft?

A 
Shrinkage
Elongated bolt holes
Bruising and crushing
Compression failures
Previous repairs
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17
Q

What is joint failure?

A

When a joint fails due to excessive mechanical loads

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18
Q

How long is timber stacked for before shipping?

A

60 days

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19
Q

How is timber seasoned?

A

Naturally in air dryer sheds for 1-3 years

Artificially (ie. kiln-dried)

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20
Q

Why is seasoning done?

A

To reduce the moisture content to almost be in equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere.
Allows it to be pretreated.

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21
Q

How can the moisture levels be checked in seasoned wood test pedicels?

A

Moisture meter

Using an oven to see if the weight changes after heating

22
Q

How is density measured?

A

The weight and volume are measured and compared to the level it should be based on the moisture level standard.

23
Q

How is brittleness checked?

A

Drop weight machine

Izoid impact test

24
Q

How is rate of growth measured?

A

Rings per inch

25
Q

What is a splitting test?

A

The sample is split with a blunt chisel to see the direction of the grain.

26
Q

How long are wood sample test records kept for?

A

2 years

27
Q

What are the types of sawing for timber conversion?

A

Rift- along the radius of the rings

Tangential- tangent to annular rings

28
Q

What should be done before converting timber?

A

End sections are marked, especially the rings direction

29
Q

What are the defects that can affect converted wood?

A 
Dote disease
Decay/rot
Heart shake
Ring shake
Compression shake
Incorrect grain inclement
Knots
Pitch holes
Blue stain
30
Q

What is dotes disease?

A

An inherent disease found in the base of trees, burn if found after conversion.
Leaves light brown stains

31
Q

How would powder adhesives be prepared?

A

Mixed in water following manufacturers instructions, once mixed do not dilute it.

32
Q

How are liquid resins prepared?

A

None- they should be ready to use, unless the manufacturer info needs it diluted

33
Q

How are hardeners prepared?

A

Follow the manufactures instructions when mixing it into the resin.

34
Q

How should plywood be prepared?

A

Sand it down to remove fibres and surface glazing

35
Q

How would timber be prepared?

A

Roughed with scrapper or glass paper to create a key way

36
Q

What is a safe moisture range in wooden structures?

A

8-16

37
Q

What can affect the gluing of wooden structures?

A

Ambient temperature

38
Q

How should resin adhesives be spread upon application?

A

Any glue spreader
Grooved roller
Clean brush

39
Q

What is the most desirable way to apply adhesive?

A

On both sides of join
Using grooved rubber rollers
Should completely cover the surface and be tacky when pressure is applied

40
Q

What should be avoided when assembling with adhesives?

A

High clamping pressures
Glue coming out of the join
Trapping air between surfaces

41
Q

How can uniform pressure on small parts of wood be achieved?

A

Screws or small pins

42
Q

How does temperature affect adhesives?

A

Heat decreases setting time

<15C increase setting times

43
Q

When should testing of wooden components be done?

A

As often as possible, preferably with off cut pieces from actual parts

44
Q

What is a wet test for wooden components?

A

When the piece is submerged in water at different temperatures for different times.

45
Q

What is the main loading glue lines can withstand at maximum strength?

A

Sheer loading

46
Q

What would a wood imprint, but no fibres indicate on a glue line?

A

The use of surface hardened timber

Pre-cured glue before pressure was applied

47
Q

How long can a resin be stored for?

A

Up to the date on its shelf life

48
Q

What should be done when repairing casein joints?

A

Remove al traces of casein first

49
Q

How would UF glue joints be prepared for repair?

A

Wipe down with a 10 weight in weight (w/w) solution of acetic acid and water and let it dry.

50
Q

What is the maximum storage temperature for adhesive reins?

A

21C

70F

Mod 6 (8 decks)

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