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Entomology FINAL > Wood Borers > Flashcards

Wood Borers Flashcards

1
Q

What do cambium and wood borers feed on and breed in?

A

Woody tissues of trees

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2
Q

What damage can cambium and wood borers cause (name 3)?

A
  1. Reduce lumber quality
  2. Lower integrity of standing trees
  3. Cause tree death (attacks, disease)
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3
Q

How do cambium and wood borers disperse?

A

Transport in wood products

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4
Q

Name 2 native wood borers.

A
  1. Pine sawyer beetles

2. Twolined chestnut borer

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5
Q

Name 2 types of pine sawyer beetles

A
  1. Southern pine sawyer beetle

2. Whitespotted pine sawyer

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6
Q

What do the larvae of pine sawyer beetles feed on?

A
  • Freshly cut logs

- dead, dying pines

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7
Q

What do the adults of pine sawyer beetles feed on?

A

Needles / soft bark of young twigs

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8
Q

List 4 problems with pine sawyer beetles.

A
  1. Degrade lumber value
  2. Salvage dead/dying pines
  3. Lumber storage
  4. Introduce decay and wood stain fungi
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9
Q

List 4 management strategies for pine sawyer beetles.

A
  1. Rapid utilization and harvest
  2. Debark logs
  3. Stack in shady spot
  4. June - August: adults are active
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10
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of the disease complex that the twolined chestnut borer is part of?

A
  1. Drought
  2. Root rot
  3. Late frost
  4. Soil compaction
  5. Root damage
  6. Mechanical injury
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11
Q

What damage does the twolined chestnut borer contribute to?

A

Oak decline

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12
Q

How can the twolined chestnut borer be managed?

A

Proper tree care

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13
Q

Name 3 invasive exotic wood borers.

A
  1. Emerald ash borer
  2. Asian longhorned beetle
  3. Sirex woodwasp
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14
Q

What is the difference between invasive and exotic?

A
  • Invasive: Refers to species that disrupt natural processes after loss of natural control
  • Exotic: Refers to a non-native species
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15
Q

When and where was the Emerald ash borer found in the US? In NC?

A
  • 2002, Michigan

- Found in NC in May 2013

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16
Q

What is the Emerald ash borer’s native range?

A

Asia

17
Q

What are the Emerald ash borer’s hosts?

A

Ash trees

18
Q

What is the damage caused by Emerald ash borers?

A
  • Larval galleries: inner bark

- D-shaped exit holes

19
Q

What 3 things can be done to manage for Emerald ash borers?

A
  1. Don’t move firewood
  2. Insecticides
  3. Remove infested trees
20
Q

What is the current research for Emerald ash borers (3 things)?

A
  1. Biocontrol (parasitoid wasps that are natural predators in China)
  2. Resistance
  3. Monitoring (wasps/traps)
21
Q

When and where is the Asian longhorned beetle found in the US? In NC?

A
  • Mid 1990s
  • IL, NY, NJ, MA, OH
  • Not found in NC yet
22
Q

What is the native range of the Asian longhorned beetle?

A

Asia

23
Q

What are the hosts for the Asian longhorned beetle?

A

Hardwoods (many species)

24
Q

What damage is caused by the Asian longhorned beetle?

A
  • Larvae: wood borers

- Round, pencil-sized exit holes

25
Q

What 3 ways can the Asian longhorned beetle be managed for?

A
  1. Don’t move firewood
  2. Insecticides
  3. Remove infested trees
26
Q

What current research is being done on the Asian longhorned beetle?

A

Biocontrol

27
Q

Where is the Sirex woodwasp invasive?

A

NE U.S., South America, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia

28
Q

What is the Sirex woodwasp’s native range?

A

Europe, Asia, N. Africa

29
Q

What are the Sirex woodwasp’s hosts?

A

Pines (probably most southern pines)

30
Q

What damage is caused by the Sirex woodwasp?

A
  • Adults inject 2 things that kill the tree:
    1. Fungus
    2. Toxic saliva
  • Larvae bore into wood, feed on fungus
31
Q

What 3 ways can the Sirex woodwasp be managed for?

A
  1. Don’t move firewood
  2. Quarantine
  3. Parasitic rematode
32
Q

What current research is being done on the Sirex woodwasp (2 things)?

A
  1. Host range discovery

2. Biocontrol

Entomology FINAL (5 decks)

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