Wood Borers Flashcards
What do cambium and wood borers feed on and breed in?
Woody tissues of trees
What damage can cambium and wood borers cause (name 3)?
- Reduce lumber quality
- Lower integrity of standing trees
- Cause tree death (attacks, disease)
How do cambium and wood borers disperse?
Transport in wood products
Name 2 native wood borers.
- Pine sawyer beetles
2. Twolined chestnut borer
Name 2 types of pine sawyer beetles
- Southern pine sawyer beetle
2. Whitespotted pine sawyer
What do the larvae of pine sawyer beetles feed on?
- Freshly cut logs
- dead, dying pines
What do the adults of pine sawyer beetles feed on?
Needles / soft bark of young twigs
List 4 problems with pine sawyer beetles.
- Degrade lumber value
- Salvage dead/dying pines
- Lumber storage
- Introduce decay and wood stain fungi
List 4 management strategies for pine sawyer beetles.
- Rapid utilization and harvest
- Debark logs
- Stack in shady spot
- June - August: adults are active
What are the 6 characteristics of the disease complex that the twolined chestnut borer is part of?
- Drought
- Root rot
- Late frost
- Soil compaction
- Root damage
- Mechanical injury
What damage does the twolined chestnut borer contribute to?
Oak decline
How can the twolined chestnut borer be managed?
Proper tree care
Name 3 invasive exotic wood borers.
- Emerald ash borer
- Asian longhorned beetle
- Sirex woodwasp
What is the difference between invasive and exotic?
- Invasive: Refers to species that disrupt natural processes after loss of natural control
- Exotic: Refers to a non-native species
When and where was the Emerald ash borer found in the US? In NC?
- 2002, Michigan
- Found in NC in May 2013
What is the Emerald ash borer’s native range?
Asia
What are the Emerald ash borer’s hosts?
Ash trees
What is the damage caused by Emerald ash borers?
- Larval galleries: inner bark
- D-shaped exit holes
What 3 things can be done to manage for Emerald ash borers?
- Don’t move firewood
- Insecticides
- Remove infested trees
What is the current research for Emerald ash borers (3 things)?
- Biocontrol (parasitoid wasps that are natural predators in China)
- Resistance
- Monitoring (wasps/traps)
When and where is the Asian longhorned beetle found in the US? In NC?
- Mid 1990s
- IL, NY, NJ, MA, OH
- Not found in NC yet
What is the native range of the Asian longhorned beetle?
Asia
What are the hosts for the Asian longhorned beetle?
Hardwoods (many species)
What damage is caused by the Asian longhorned beetle?
- Larvae: wood borers
- Round, pencil-sized exit holes
What 3 ways can the Asian longhorned beetle be managed for?
- Don’t move firewood
- Insecticides
- Remove infested trees
What current research is being done on the Asian longhorned beetle?
Biocontrol
Where is the Sirex woodwasp invasive?
NE U.S., South America, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia
What is the Sirex woodwasp’s native range?
Europe, Asia, N. Africa
What are the Sirex woodwasp’s hosts?
Pines (probably most southern pines)
What damage is caused by the Sirex woodwasp?
- Adults inject 2 things that kill the tree:
1. Fungus
2. Toxic saliva - Larvae bore into wood, feed on fungus
What 3 ways can the Sirex woodwasp be managed for?
- Don’t move firewood
- Quarantine
- Parasitic rematode
What current research is being done on the Sirex woodwasp (2 things)?
- Host range discovery
2. Biocontrol
