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Entomology FINAL > Sucking Insects > Flashcards

Sucking Insects Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of sucking insects?

A
  • Piercing-sucking mouthparts: food canal, salivary canal

- Hemimetabolous, but often complex

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2
Q

What 4 things do sucking insects feeding on plants cause?

A
  1. Wilting and drying
  2. Growth loss
  3. Dieback
  4. Death
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3
Q

What 3 sucking insects are vectors for disease?

A
  1. Aphids
  2. Psyllids
  3. Plant hoppers
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4
Q

What fluid do sucking insects emit?

A

Honeydew

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5
Q

Name 2 exotic invasive sucking insects.

A
  1. Hemlock woolly adelgid

2. Balsam woolly adelgid

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6
Q

What is the Hemlock woolly adelgid’s native range?

A

Asia

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7
Q

What are the hosts for the Hemlock woolly adelgid?

A
  • Eastern Hemlock

- Carolina Hemlock

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8
Q

What is the Hemlock woolly adelgid’s lifecycle like?

A

Complex

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9
Q

Where in the US are Hemlock woolly adelgids located?

A
  • 16 states from Maine to Georgia

- Most severe in: VA, NJ, PA, CT

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10
Q

Describe the damage caused by the Hemlock woolly adelgid.

A
  • Nymphs feed on the twigs at the base of the needles, then the twig tissue.
  • Feed on the stored starches that are critical for tree growth.
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11
Q

What are the management strategies used for the Hemlock woolly adelgid?

A
  1. Cultural
  2. Regulatory - State quarantines
  3. Chemical - Insecticides
  4. Biological - Natural enemies
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12
Q

What is the current research being done on the Hemlock woolly adelgid?

A

Biocontrol

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13
Q

When was the Balsam woolly adelgid introduced in the US?

A

1900

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14
Q

What is the native range for the Balsam woolly adlegid?

A

Central Europe

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15
Q

What are the hosts of the Balsam woolly adelgid?

A
  • Spruce-Fir trees
  • Frasier Fir
  • Christmas trees
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16
Q

What are the signs/symptoms for the Balsam woolly adelgid?

A
  • April to October
  • White spots on bark
  • Trees with flat top, dead shoots/branches, etc.
17
Q

What is the importance of the Balsam woolly adelgid?

A
  • Great Smoky Mountains have 75% spruce-fir ecosystem

- Christmas trees

18
Q

Name 2 native sucking insects.

A
  1. Aphids

2. Scale Insects

19
Q

What are the hosts for aphids and how much damage do they cause?

A
  • Ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers

- Typically minor, some major

20
Q

What kind of damage do aphids cause?

A

Feed into the plant phloem, suck out sap, inject saliva that causes some plants to develop curled, hardened or distorted growth.

21
Q

What type of management is used for aphids?

A
  • Biocontrol: Natural enemies

- Insecticides

22
Q

What are 3 characteristics of scale insects?

A
  1. Major pests on ornamentals
  2. Waxy or shell-like covering
  3. Adult females non-moving / sessile
23
Q

What are hosts for scale insects?

A

Ornamental trees and shrubs

24
Q

What type of damage do scale insects cause?

A

Suck out the sap of tree / shrub

25
Q

What type of management is used for scale insects?

A
  • Hand picking

- Horticultural oils

26
Q

Name 2 sucking insects.

A
  1. Cicadas

2. Leafhoppers

Entomology FINAL (5 decks)

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