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junk (pd) > wood > Flashcards

wood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the classification of wood types

A

hardwood
softwoods
man made boards

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2
Q

what are the five hardwoods

A

oak
ash
mahogany
beech

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3
Q

oak properties

A

properties
- resistant to rot
- attractive
- contains tannin which affects iron/steel fittings
- does not take paint or glue very well
-hard
- durable
- steams well

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4
Q

oak uses

A

uses
- heavy structural work - timber framed buildings
- furniture
- flooring

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5
Q

ash properties

A
  • tough
  • spring wood
  • pale
  • attractive open grain
  • not durable outdoors
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6
Q

ash uses

A
  • handles for axes and spades
  • cars
  • flooring
  • hockey sticks / tennis racket
  • furniture
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7
Q

teak properties

A
  • little less resistant to impact
  • slightly stronger and stiffer to oak
  • expensive
  • very durable outdoors due to high contents of resin
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8
Q

teak uses

A
  • furniture (interior and exterior)
  • boat building
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9
Q

mahogany properties

A
  • attractive
  • works well to an excellent finish
  • some species are much threatened
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10
Q

mahogany uses

A
  • furniture
  • traditional science benches
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11
Q

beech properties

A

-stronger thank oak in bending
- strength
- resistant to impact loads

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12
Q

beech uses

A
  • furniture
  • chopping boards
  • floor
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13
Q

what are the three softwoods

A
  • douglas fir
  • scots pine
  • spruce
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14
Q

douglas fir properties

A
  • attractive grain
  • reasonable durable
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15
Q

douglas fir uses

A
  • buildings - timber framed buildings and cladding for buildings
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16
Q

scots prine properties

A
  • knotty
  • relatively low cost
  • readily available
  • soft, not durable
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17
Q

scots pine uses

A
  • general DIY
  • can be treated for exterior application such as fences
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18
Q

spruce properties

A
  • soft
  • relatively low cost
  • readily available
  • soft
  • not durable
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19
Q

spruce uses

A
  • structural (indoor and outdoor, most important in europe)
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20
Q

what are the seven man made boards

A
  • medium density fireboard
  • chipboard
  • plywood
  • aero ply
  • flexiply
  • marine ply
  • hardboard
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21
Q

medium density fibreboard properties

A
  • available in wide wide boards
  • very stable
  • hazardous
  • good surface painting
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22
Q

medium density fibreboard uses

A
  • furnitures
  • flooring
  • doors
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23
Q

chipboard properties

A
  • easy to cut
  • strong
    -uniform
  • stable
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24
Q

chipboard uses

A
  • low cost furniture
  • fitted kitchens
  • flooring
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25
Q

plywood properties

A
  • stable
  • resistant to splitting
  • can be waterproof
  • available in wide boards
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26
Q

plywood uses

A
  • furniture
  • construction work
  • roofing and flooring
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27
Q

areo ply properties

A
  • very thin
  • flexible
  • attractive birch finish
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28
Q

areo play uses

A
  • making plywood aircraft
  • achieving curves in furniture
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29
Q

flexiply properties

A
  • very flexible
  • available in a variety of thicknesses
  • not very strong or hard
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30
Q

flexiply uses

A
  • making curved decroative objectives
31
Q

marine play properties

A
  • high quality
  • thick surface veneers
  • expensive
32
Q

marine play uses

A
  • boats
  • marine activities
33
Q

hardboard properties

A
  • cheap
  • thin
  • low directional strength
  • one smooth and rough side
34
Q

hardboard uses

A
  • furniture
  • wall
35
Q

where does hardwood come from

A
  • trees with broad leaves
36
Q

where does softwood come from

A
  • trees with needle - like leaves
37
Q

where does man made wood come from

A
  • factories
38
Q

what are the benefits of using man-made over natural timbers

A
  • more strength in thinner pieces
  • cheaper
  • much bigger pieces
  • grain is eliminated (uniform strength)
  • more stable
  • lighter
39
Q

what is veneer

A
  • a thin layer of wood peeled from a trunle of a tree
  • usually made from hardwoods
  • used to provide a decorative surface to low quality wood
40
Q

what is laminate

A
  • glued layers of material used to improve sterength of material
  • plywood is veneered
  • also improves aesthetic
41
Q

fcs meaning and what it means

A
  • forestry stewardship council
  • wood comes from a managed forest
42
Q

what are the two types of wood joints

A
  • frame joint
  • box joint
43
Q

what are the four types of frame joints

A
  • mortise and tenon
  • bridle joint
  • cross halving joint
  • t-halving joint
44
Q

what is the mortis and tenon joint most commonly used for

A

rails and lefs for tables, chairs and other types of furniture

45
Q

describe the mortis and tenon joint

A
  • a glue is applied before the joints are pushed together
  • strong effective permanent joint
  • unlikely to break
  • one piece of wood has a square whole in it and the other has a square sticking out of it
46
Q

when is a bridle joint used

A
  • used when a light frame is needed and strength is not the main requirement
  • used in picture frames
47
Q

describe the bridle joint

A

one piece of wood is cut into a y or u shape and the other is shaped to fill the inside / the gap

48
Q

what is a cross halving joint used for

A
  • seen on the strengthening rails of tables and chairs
  • common woodworking joint
49
Q

describe the cross halving joint

A

two pieces of wood have a dent in the middle which fit together to form a x shape

50
Q

t-halving , dovetail halving and hald lap joint uses

A

used where great strength is not required, they are also much easier to mark out and cut

51
Q

describe the t-halving, dovetail halving and half lap joint

A

the shape of a v is cut into a plank of wood and the other plank hase the letter v cut to the end of it

52
Q

what are the three box joints

A
  • dovetail joint
  • finger joint
  • lapped or rebate joint
53
Q

what is a dovetail joint used for

A
  • used in draws, jewlery boxes, cabinets and furniture
  • very strong because of the way tails and pins are shaped
54
Q

describe dovetail joint

A

multple v are cut into and out of the side of two planks of wood

55
Q

what is a finger joint used for

A
  • suitable for use with natural woods such as pine and mahogany / even manmade boards such as plywood and MDF
  • used jewellery boxes, cabinet construction, kitchen cupboards
56
Q

describe finger / comb joint box construction

A
  • multiple squares are cut out of and into the side of two differrent planks of wood
57
Q

what is the shoulder / rebate / lapped joint used for

A
  • used for furniture and box construction such as jewellery boxes
  • often seen as a corner joint
58
Q

describe the shoulder / rebate / lapped joint

A

two steps are cut out at the end of one plank of wood and the other is cut to cover the steps

59
Q

what does conversion mean

A

the process of turning trees into timber

60
Q

what are the two methods of conversion

A

slab and plain sawing
quarter sawing

61
Q

slab and plain sawing

A

produces timber which is less stable and more prone to warping

62
Q

quarter sawing

A

produces more stable timber, often with more attractive grain patterns, but is more expensive

63
Q

what does seasoning wood do

A
  • lets the wood dry as it holds a lot of water
64
Q

what are the benefits of seasoning wood

A
  • increases the strength and stability of the timber
  • the reduced moisture reduces the risk of the timber causing corrosion to the surrounding metalwork
  • it makes the timber less prone to rot and decay
65
Q

what are the defects in timber

A
  • if not seasoned correctly its shape can change which makes it more difficult to use
66
Q

what are knots

A
  • where branches of the tree grew
67
Q

what can knots do to wood

A
  • weaken the structure of wood
  • produce an irregular grain which makes it more difficult to work with
68
Q

what are veneers

A

thin layers of wood that have been peeled off the trunk of a tree

69
Q

what are veneers made from

A

hardwoods as they are a more decorative than softwoods

70
Q

what can be made by veneers

A

flat-pack furniture

71
Q

what is laminating

A

process of gluing layers of material together

72
Q

when is laminating used

A
  • improve strength of a materials
  • improve aesthetics
73
Q

what is plywood

A

layers of hardwood veneer laminated together

junk (pd) (5 decks)

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