wood Flashcards
1
Q
what are the classification of wood types
A
hardwood
softwoods
man made boards
2
Q
what are the five hardwoods
A
oak
ash
mahogany
beech
3
Q
oak properties
A
properties
- resistant to rot
- attractive
- contains tannin which affects iron/steel fittings
- does not take paint or glue very well
-hard
- durable
- steams well
4
Q
oak uses
A
uses
- heavy structural work - timber framed buildings
- furniture
- flooring
5
Q
ash properties
A
- tough
- spring wood
- pale
- attractive open grain
- not durable outdoors
6
Q
ash uses
A
- handles for axes and spades
- cars
- flooring
- hockey sticks / tennis racket
- furniture
7
Q
teak properties
A
- little less resistant to impact
- slightly stronger and stiffer to oak
- expensive
- very durable outdoors due to high contents of resin
8
Q
teak uses
A
- furniture (interior and exterior)
- boat building
9
Q
mahogany properties
A
- attractive
- works well to an excellent finish
- some species are much threatened
10
Q
mahogany uses
A
- furniture
- traditional science benches
11
Q
beech properties
A
-stronger thank oak in bending
- strength
- resistant to impact loads
12
Q
beech uses
A
- furniture
- chopping boards
- floor
13
Q
what are the three softwoods
A
- douglas fir
- scots pine
- spruce
14
Q
douglas fir properties
A
- attractive grain
- reasonable durable
15
Q
douglas fir uses
A
- buildings - timber framed buildings and cladding for buildings
16
Q
scots prine properties
A
- knotty
- relatively low cost
- readily available
- soft, not durable
17
Q
scots pine uses
A
- general DIY
- can be treated for exterior application such as fences
18
Q
spruce properties
A
- soft
- relatively low cost
- readily available
- soft
- not durable
19
Q
spruce uses
A
- structural (indoor and outdoor, most important in europe)
20
Q
what are the seven man made boards
A
- medium density fireboard
- chipboard
- plywood
- aero ply
- flexiply
- marine ply
- hardboard
21
Q
medium density fibreboard properties
A
- available in wide wide boards
- very stable
- hazardous
- good surface painting
22
Q
medium density fibreboard uses
A
- furnitures
- flooring
- doors
23
Q
chipboard properties
A
- easy to cut
- strong
-uniform - stable
24
Q
chipboard uses
A
- low cost furniture
- fitted kitchens
- flooring
25
plywood properties
- stable
- resistant to splitting
- can be waterproof
- available in wide boards
26
plywood uses
- furniture
- construction work
- roofing and flooring
27
areo ply properties
- very thin
- flexible
- attractive birch finish
28
areo play uses
- making plywood aircraft
- achieving curves in furniture
29
flexiply properties
- very flexible
- available in a variety of thicknesses
- not very strong or hard
30
flexiply uses
- making curved decroative objectives
31
marine play properties
- high quality
- thick surface veneers
- expensive
32
marine play uses
- boats
- marine activities
33
hardboard properties
- cheap
- thin
- low directional strength
- one smooth and rough side
34
hardboard uses
- furniture
- wall
35
where does hardwood come from
- trees with broad leaves
36
where does softwood come from
- trees with needle - like leaves
37
where does man made wood come from
- factories
38
what are the benefits of using man-made over natural timbers
- more strength in thinner pieces
- cheaper
- much bigger pieces
- grain is eliminated (uniform strength)
- more stable
- lighter
39
what is veneer
- a thin layer of wood peeled from a trunle of a tree
- usually made from hardwoods
- used to provide a decorative surface to low quality wood
40
what is laminate
- glued layers of material used to improve sterength of material
- plywood is veneered
- also improves aesthetic
41
fcs meaning and what it means
- forestry stewardship council
- wood comes from a managed forest
42
what are the two types of wood joints
- frame joint
- box joint
43
what are the four types of frame joints
- mortise and tenon
- bridle joint
- cross halving joint
- t-halving joint
44
what is the mortis and tenon joint most commonly used for
rails and lefs for tables, chairs and other types of furniture
45
describe the mortis and tenon joint
- a glue is applied before the joints are pushed together
- strong effective permanent joint
- unlikely to break
- one piece of wood has a square whole in it and the other has a square sticking out of it
46
when is a bridle joint used
- used when a light frame is needed and strength is not the main requirement
- used in picture frames
47
describe the bridle joint
one piece of wood is cut into a y or u shape and the other is shaped to fill the inside / the gap
48
what is a cross halving joint used for
- seen on the strengthening rails of tables and chairs
- common woodworking joint
49
describe the cross halving joint
two pieces of wood have a dent in the middle which fit together to form a x shape
50
t-halving , dovetail halving and hald lap joint uses
used where great strength is not required, they are also much easier to mark out and cut
51
describe the t-halving, dovetail halving and half lap joint
the shape of a v is cut into a plank of wood and the other plank hase the letter v cut to the end of it
52
what are the three box joints
- dovetail joint
- finger joint
- lapped or rebate joint
53
what is a dovetail joint used for
- used in draws, jewlery boxes, cabinets and furniture
- very strong because of the way tails and pins are shaped
54
describe dovetail joint
multple v are cut into and out of the side of two planks of wood
55
what is a finger joint used for
- suitable for use with natural woods such as pine and mahogany / even manmade boards such as plywood and MDF
- used jewellery boxes, cabinet construction, kitchen cupboards
56
describe finger / comb joint box construction
- multiple squares are cut out of and into the side of two differrent planks of wood
57
what is the shoulder / rebate / lapped joint used for
- used for furniture and box construction such as jewellery boxes
- often seen as a corner joint
58
describe the shoulder / rebate / lapped joint
two steps are cut out at the end of one plank of wood and the other is cut to cover the steps
59
what does conversion mean
the process of turning trees into timber
60
what are the two methods of conversion
slab and plain sawing
quarter sawing
61
slab and plain sawing
produces timber which is less stable and more prone to warping
62
quarter sawing
produces more stable timber, often with more attractive grain patterns, but is more expensive
63
what does seasoning wood do
- lets the wood dry as it holds a lot of water
64
what are the benefits of seasoning wood
- increases the strength and stability of the timber
- the reduced moisture reduces the risk of the timber causing corrosion to the surrounding metalwork
- it makes the timber less prone to rot and decay
65
what are the defects in timber
- if not seasoned correctly its shape can change which makes it more difficult to use
66
what are knots
- where branches of the tree grew
67
what can knots do to wood
- weaken the structure of wood
- produce an irregular grain which makes it more difficult to work with
68
what are veneers
thin layers of wood that have been peeled off the trunk of a tree
69
what are veneers made from
hardwoods as they are a more decorative than softwoods
70
what can be made by veneers
flat-pack furniture
71
what is laminating
process of gluing layers of material together
72
when is laminating used
- improve strength of a materials
- improve aesthetics
73
what is plywood
layers of hardwood veneer laminated together
