Women's CIvil Rights Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Womens workforce statistics in 1900
A
- 17% of women worked
- Only 5% of married women worked
- the social expectation that women would give up their job when they married
2
Q
social spheres
A
women’s sphere is seen as the home and children
Men’s sphere seen as the public sphere and work, government, and politics
3
Q
What did Westward expansion mean for women?
A
1860’s
- freedom
- Escape from domestic life
- women in the west had to work on the farm to produce enough food
4
Q
Civil War
A
1865
- a first event that drew women into the workforce
- however, all women returned to domestic life post-civil war and attitudes did not alter
5
Q
American Woman’s Suffrage Association - AWSA
A
1869
- Led by Lucy Stone
- Thought the best way to get the vote was to focus on state rather than national campaigns
- supported the 15th Amendment and feared it would not pass if women’s suffrage was included in it
6
Q
National Women’s Suffrage Campaign
A
1869
- Led by Susan B Antony and Elizabeth Stanton
Beliefs - campaigned for a constitution amendment for women suffrage
- anrgy that AA men were getting the vote before women
7
Q
Role of Educating Women
A
1870
- female high school graduates outnumbered male graduates
- 11,000 female graduates
- 1880 Literacy rates for women were better than those amongst men
8
Q
Comstock Law
A
1873
- banned the3 sending of obscene items in the male ie birth control
9
Q
Women’s Christian Temperance Union WCTU
A
1874
- Led by Frances Willard
- lobbied for local laws restricting alcohol
10
Q
Minor v Happerset
A
1875
- Ruled that women were US citizens
11
Q
Dawes Act
A
1887
- NA women in matriarchal tribes lost their position as the property owners
12
Q
Hull House
A
1889
- Jane Adams
- Halfway house for female immigrants
13
Q
Wyoming Women’s Suffrage
Which states and when did they follow suit
A
1890
- first state to giev women the vote
- 1893 - Colardo
- 1896 - Utah
- 1896 - Idaho
14
Q
National American Woman Suffrage Association - NAWSA
A
1890
- merged AWSA and NWSA
15
Q
National Consumers League
A
1899
- Frances Kelly
- aim to secure better working conditions, higher pay and shorter working hours
16
Q
National Association of Coloured Women
A
1896
17
Q
NAWSA 1900 leader? and Policies?
A
- Carrie Chapman Catt
Lobbying under Catt more succesful due to use of leaflets and lobbying of politicians, marches and meetings
18
Q
Women’s Trade Union League
A
1903
- aim: 8 hour working day and minimum wage
19
Q
Muller v Orgeon
A
1908
- Result, SC ruled it was constitutional to have maximum hour laws imposed on women
20
Q
Women in Washington
A
1913
- Alice Paul led a deomstration of 5000 women
- on the day of President Wilson’s inauguration
- Successful as it fouced national attention on women
21
Q
National Women Party
A
1914
- Alice Paul
- reolicated the methods of British suffragists
- 7 month Pickett
- Force feeding stories
22
Q
First Birth Control Clinic
A
1916
- Margret Sanger
- 500 visits in 10 days
- Brooklyn NY
- Higlighted the demand for BC
23
Q
WW1
A
1914
- 1 million women drawn into industry
24
Q
New York v Sanger
A
1918
- SC ruled tat doctors could prescribe birth control to be used for medical purposes
- ie life threatening pregnancies
25
19th Amendment
1919 - approved by congress
1920 - Ratifed
- Wilson
- NA and AA women unable to vote due to Poll taxes and grandfather clauses
26
1920 Presidential election polling statistics
40% of women voted compared to 75% of men in Presedential election
27
when were women banned from working and in how many states
1920
| - 26 staes banned owmen from working
28
How many women were in the House of Representatives in 1920?
- 9 women out 435
29
American Birth Control League
1921
- established by sanger
co;;evcted eveidnece for negative birth control methods
30
Legal Birth Control Clinic
1923
| - with the ointent of only issuing contraceptives for medical purposes
31
Equal Rights Amendment proposed
1923
- by Alice Paul
- manu women opposed the ERA fearing that it would terminate laws that benefitted women
- I - Catt, Jane Adams, Phyllis Schlafly opposed it
32
Atkins v Children's Hospital
1923
| - estabished a minimum wage for women in Washington DC
33
Radice v New York
1924
| - SC ruling, prohibiting the qworking of women i restraunts between 10 pm an 6am
34
Flappers
1920s
- white middle calss
- Petting Parties
Synthesis - 90% of women lived below the poverty line and couldn't afford to be Flappers
- older generations and religions sects disproved - Anti Flirt Club formed
35
How many women worked in 1929
10.6 million women in work
36
Bryn Mawr Summer School
1921
- educated 100 low skill femae workers for 8 weeks each summer in liberal arts
- ecouraged to seek leadership roles
37
National Federal Economy Act
1932
| - prohibited a women from wokring in the civils service is her husband did
38
Who was the First woman in the US senate and when?
1932
| - Hattie W Caraway
39
The 21st Amendment
1933
| - Repeal Prohibition
40
How many women were looking for work during the depression
4 million women
41
Indian Reorganization Act
1934
| - Advanced NA womens CR
42
Wagner Act
1935
| - set a minimum wage
43
Aid to Dependent Children
1935
| - women with childeren unabloe to work
44
Social Security Act
1935
- l
wefare benefits for famiies witout a working man
45
Gallup Poll
1936
| - 82% of people hated women workoing
46
Us v One Package
1936
| - SC ruled doctors could send contarceptives in the post
47
When did DC set a minimum wage for women?
1918, the District of Columbia passed a law setting a minimum wage for women and children laborers
48
Fair Labour Standards Act
1938
- minimum wage
- however female teachetrs still earned 20% less than male teachers in 1939
49
Political progress under Roosevelt
1933 - Frances Perkins appointed secretary of Labour
| - Mary Mclead Bethune became director of Negro affairs in the national youth administration
50
National Recovery Administration
- NRA focused on heavy industries
| - therefore most women didn't get aminumin wgae of 40 hour work week
51
WW2 and Women's Attitudes
- 6 million women joined the workforce
| - became 35% of the workforce in 1945 compared to only 25% IN 1940
52
West Coast Hotel v Parrish
1937
| - overturned womens minimum wage Washington DC
53
GI Bill
1944
| - helped WW1 veterans
54
Women's Bureau established
1944
| - to adress the pay gap
55
How many women were in the workforce in 1945
- 13 million wome in work
| - 75% wanted to stay
56
Baby Boom
1946
- 3.5 milllion abbies born record number
- Benjmain Spock - common sense Book of bay and child care
57
Female College Graduates in the 1950's
90% married within a year
58
Rosa Parks
1955
| - inspires Montgommery bus boycott
59
FDA approves the Pill
1960
60
Equal Pay Act
1963
| - Kennedy
61
The Feminine Mystique
1963
| - Betty Frienden
62
Civil Rights Act
1964
- LBJ
- set up Equal Empoloyment Opportunity Commision
63
Grisworld v Conneticut
1965
| -SC ruled that married couples could use the pill
64
National Organization for Women
1966
| - Betty Freiden
65
National Organization for the Repeal of Abortion Laws
1969
- Betty Frieden
- lobbied for the government to repeal abortion laws
66
Womens Liberation
1968
- protested outside Miss World marching around the Freedom trashcan
- "Bra Burners"
1969 - organized an Aboritionspeakout in NYC
67
No Fault Divorce Law
1969
| - made it easier for women to get a divorce they no longer had to prove their husband had been unfaithful
68
National Womens Political Caucus
1971
| - recruited a trained women to becomere political candidates
69
First edition of 'Ms' Magazine
1972
| - Gloria Steinem
70
Who and When was the First famele nominee
1972
- Shirley Chisolm
71
Stop ERA
1972
| - Phyllis Schlafly
72
Eisnstead v Baird
1972
| - unmarried persons could buy the pill
73
Equal Employement Opportunity Act
1972
| - stated that men and women in the same job must be payed the same amount
74
ERA in Congress
1972
| - passed but was not ratified
75
Roe v Wade
1973
| - SC ruled that abortion laws violated individual privacy and thus were unconstitutional
76
Equal Credit Opportunity
1974
| - allowd women to have the opportunity to open a bank account
77
Hyde Amendment
1976
- legislative provision abnning teh sue of federal funds for abortion unless it is to save life occurs from incest or rape
78
Preganancy Dismcrimination Act
1978
| - prohibits discrimination of women when employing for reasons including pregnancy childbirth and related appointments
79
Gag Rule
1981
- prohibits doctors mentioning abortion as an option
- Reagan
- until 1989
80
Abortion Control Act
1982
- Pennsyvania
- imposed 24 hour waiting list on women wanting to have an abortion
- Teenagers wanting an abortion, needed parents permission
81
Final outcome for the ERA
1982
- ERA not ratifed as a result of Schalfly's campaigning
- 35 out of a needed majority of 38 ratified
82
Who was the first femae Vice President candidate?
1984
| Geraldine Ferrero
83
How much were Educated White Women earning in 1990?
98% of male pay
84
Glass Ceiling Commission
1991
| - established to strudy the barriers facing women and minorities from climbing te corporate heirachy
85
Maternity Leave
1992
| - Federal Government refused legislation on maternity leave
86
Planned Parenthood v Casey
1992
| - outlawed abortions terminating Viable foetuses
87
Gag Rue repealed
1992
| - Bill Clinton
88
How many women voted in 1997?
- 60 million women voted
89
The Power of the Positive Woman
1977
- Phylysis Schlaflys book
- The power of the positive woman stated that a positive woman unersatnds that men and woman are different
- her book demonstrated continuity form the early periods following the idea of separate spheres
90
Raegan views on women
1980 Reagan applauded women for staying home, and being mothers and homemakers
91
Coalition of Labour Union Women
1974
| - a bridging organization that seeks to make connection between the feminist movement and trade unions
92
Family and Medica Leave Act
1990
- George Bush Vetoed it, as it would impose strains on businesses further dampening the economy
- the bill that would require larger companies to grant at least 12 weeks of unpaid leave to any employee to deal with a birth or adoption, a parent's or spouse's sickness, or other family emergencies.
93
Judges appointed to SC after Roe v Wade
1981 - Sandra Day O'connor - appointed as a justice in the supreme court
-Raegan
1991
- Clarence Thomas -appointed to SC
- George Bush
Both were against abortion - impact on women would be less favorable rulings if the topic of abortion was returned to the SC
94
Who and when was the first black congresswoman?
1968 - Shirley Chisholm
