Women's and Men's Health Flashcards
(36 cards)
Define dysmennorrhea
Painful periods
Define menorrhagia
Heavy periods
Define oligomenorrhoea
Infrequent periods
Define metrorrhagia
bleed ing between periods
Red flags in menstural hx?
Abnormal discharge, bleeding in between periods, bleeding after sex, weight loss, palpable mass in pelvis, sx of mets, iron deficiency anaemia
How can cervical cancer present on examination?
White or red patches on cervix. As disease progresses - abnormal cervix appearance.
How do you manage mennorhagia?
Treat cause. If no cause, tranexamic acid, COCP, IUS. Give iron tablets if anaemic
What are red flags for menorrhagia?
Weight loss, masses in pelvis or abdomen, iron def or anaemia, constipation, discomfort or pelvic pain.
How do you manage mennorhagia?
Treat cause. If no cause, tranexamic acid, COCP, IUS. Give iron tablets if anaemic
How does ovarian cancer present?
early satiety, abdo distension, abdo or pelvic mass, haemturia, fatigue and weight loss
What investigations would you do for menorrhagia
Cervical exam, abdo and pelvic exam, FBC, ultrasound
What is primary dysmenorrhea?
Young girls, painful periods in the absence of pelvic pathology, usually due to prostaglandins
How is PCOS treated?
COCP and lifestyle advice. Also give metformin.
Spironolactone - hirstuism
What is Turners Syndrome?
Ovarian dysgenesis, No oestrogen and high FSH and LH
How would treat Turners Syndrome
Regular BP and surveillance checks, growth hormone therapy, and potentially oestrogen and progesterone
What do you need to rule out for amenorrhea?
pregnancy and menopause
Define primary and secondary amenorrhea
Primary - periods never started. Secondary - periods started but has stopped for six months.
How would you investigate or assess a woman presenting with amenorrhea?
See if they have secondary sexual characteristics. If not - see if there is an underlying chromosomal delay. Measure GnRH. Genetic testing. Palpate vagina and abdomen. USS, TFTs, prolactin levels.
What are red flags for urinary symptoms in men?
On examination - hard prostate, irregular prostate, unexplained haematuria, lower back pain, bone pain, weight loss.
How is PCOS treated?
COCP and lifestyle advice. Also give metformin.
How does menopause present?
hot flushes, night sweats, irregular periods, joint pain, itching, bloating, mood changers, forgetfulness, vaginal dryness, urge-stress incontinence
How would you test if a woman is in menopause?
FSH blood test
How does stress incontinence present?
Increase pressure leads to leakage of urine - e.g. jumping or laughing.
What advice would you give to a patient with stress incontinence?
Lifestyle advice - less caffeine, reduce fluid intake, reduce weight, 3 months of pelvic floor muscle training.
