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Year 3 GP Block > Minor Illnesses > Flashcards

Minor Illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

How does an influenza viral infection present?

A

Sore throat, rhinnorhea, blocked nose, fever, cough, malaise, fatigue, generalised myalgia (aches and pains). Usually resolves in 5 days - however fatigue and weakness can remain for longer

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2
Q

A lady calls to discuss her child. She thinks he has a throat infection. What symptoms may he present with?

A

Sore throat, tonsils exudate, pain on swallowing, fever.

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3
Q

You are a GP and are supervising students doing parallel consultations. A student confidently diagnoses acute otitis media. What would be present in the history and examination?

A

History - unilateral otalgia, fever, otorrhea which relieves otalgia, hearing loss. On examination -TM is erythematous and convex appearing/bulging. If sutured. pus may fill ear canal

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4
Q

How does a complicated UTI differ to the presentation of an uncomplicated UTI?

A

Complicated would be a man, child or pregnant woman. Uncomplicated only includes a woman who is not pregnant.

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5
Q

Describe the typical presentation of a UTI

A

Dysuria, nocturne, back pain, increased urinary frequency, cloudy utrine, (offensive smelling)

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6
Q

How would the presentation of thrush distinguish from BV?

A

Thrush - itchy vulva, creamy white discharge that is odourless. (cottage cheese like), dyspareunia.
BV - watery, grey discharge with a typical fishy smell. Does not cause soreness or itching in the vagina.

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7
Q

How does a chest infection present?

A

Cough - usually productive, purulent sputum, fever, dyspnea, wheeze, pleuritic chest pain.

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8
Q

A lady presents with numbness in her lower limbs. What symptoms/signs would you ask about to rule out cauda equina?

A

Saddle anaesthesia, bilateral sciatica, painless urinary retention, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence.

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9
Q

A man presents with burning in his chest. What further symptoms would direct you towards a Dx of GORD?

A

Reflux of acid. Chest pain. Acidic taste in the mouth/oral cavity. Sore throat. Cough. Heartburn. Brought on by specific foods - alcohol, citrus fruits, coffee, spicy food

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10
Q

A woman attends because she wants to be put on oral contraception. You find out she does have migraines. How would these migraines present?

A

SITE: Unilateral - so only one side of the head. Temporal or frontal. QUALITY: Throbbing or pulsating in nature. INTENSITY: Disabling. TIME: continue for a long period of time 4-72 hrs. AGG: lack of sleep, periods, stress. REL: oral paracetamol, ibuprofen. SECSYMPT: nausea, photophobia, flashing lights, tingling, numbness, dizzy

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11
Q

Management to advise for a common cold?

A

Supportive - analgesia such as 500mg paracetamol and 200mg ibuprofen, OTC.
Fluids
Rest

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12
Q

Ddx for common cold presentation ?

A

Covid, influenza, sinus infection

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13
Q

Complications of common cold?

A

Can lead to exacerbations of asthma/copd.

Can get secondary infections - pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis

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14
Q

RF for influenza?

A

Over 65
COPD, asthma
Weak resp muscles - in MS.

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15
Q

Management for viral throat infection?

A

Symptom relief - painkillers.
salt water gargle
Fluids
Rest

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16
Q

Management for bacterial throat infection

A 
Symptom relief - painkillers. 
salt water gargle 
Fluids 
Rest. 
Safety net - no improvement within 3-7 days = may need abx 
If have v high fever - may need abx.
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17
Q

Ddx for throat infection

A

Glandular fever

Pharyngitis

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18
Q

Who is at risk of getting throat infection?

A

Children

Immunocompromised

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19
Q

Complications of throat infection?

A

Quinsy’s abscess (peritonsillar abscess)
Rheumatic fever
Retropharyngeal abscess

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20
Q

How can Quinsy’s abscess (peritonsillar) present?

A 
Severe throat pain 
Fever 
Bad breath 
Drooling 
Hard to open mouth 
PMH of untreated/partially treated tonsillitis
21
Q

Is tonsillitis usually viral or bacterial?

A

VIRAL

bacterial only make up 40% cases in GP

22
Q

Complications of acute otitis media?

A

Glue ear/otitis media with effusion
Perforation
Facial nerve involvement

23
Q

Define uncomplicated UTI

A

UTI in non-pregnant woman

24
Q

Who is considered complicated when diagnosing UTI?

A

Pregnant women, men, children

25
Q

Pt has uncomplicated UTI. How do you manage it?

A

Urine dip. Urine sample for culture and sensitivity.
3 day course 100mg nitrofurantoin
If contra = 3 day course 200mg trimethoprim

26
Q

Pt has complicated UTI. How do you manage it?

A

7 days 100mg nitrofurantoin or 7 days 200mg trimethoprim

27
Q

Ddx for dysuria, offensive smelling urine, cloudy urine, urinary frequency,
suprapubic pain, back pain.

A

UTI
STI
Thrush
Pylonephritis

28
Q

RF for chest infection

A 
Older patients
Smoker
COPD 
Asthma 
Pre-existing lung condition
29
Q

Main investigation for suspected thrush?

A

High vaginal swab to culture for thrush

30
Q

Ddx for thrush?

A

STI
BV
Vaginismus

31
Q

RF for thrush?

A

Previous abx use (e.g. for recurrent UTIs)

COCP

32
Q

Management for thrush?

A

Antifungal cream for external use.

Add fluconzole oral tablet +/or clomitrazole intravaginal pessary

33
Q

Management for BV?

A

Metronidazole 400mg BD 7/7

34
Q

Ddx for BV and importance of ruling it out?

A

STI

Ensure PID is prevented

35
Q

Investigation for suspected BV?

A

High vaginal swab

Screen for STI

36
Q

RF for BV?

A

Being sexually active

37
Q

Inv for pt with D&V?

A

Stool sample to send off if pt has fever, blood is present in stool or pt has returned from tropical climate

Also discuss:
Contact with people w symptoms 
Medications currently taken
Other symptoms 
hydration status 
Abdominal masses/tenderness?
38
Q

Management of GORD?

A

Lifestyle modifications
Lose weight
Avoid trigger foods
Antacids, PPIs - lansoprazole or omeprazole

39
Q

Ddx for GORD?

A

MI/cardiac cause
Gastritis
Anxiety

40
Q

RF for GORD?

A

Overweight, heavy NSAId use, alcohol

41
Q

Complications of GORD?

A

Barrett’s oesophagus
Oesophageal cancer
Oesophagitis
Strictures

42
Q

How does tension headache presnet?

A

Generalised - frontal and occipital regions
Tight band
Radiates to neck

43
Q

How does cluster headache present?

A

Unilateral
Behind the eyes
Sharp stabbing pain
At night = v severe and intense

44
Q

Triggers for tension headache?

A

long days, stress, lack of sleep, lack of water

45
Q

Triggers for cluster headache?

A

Alcohol, smells, lack of sleep, warm temperature

46
Q

Management for tension headaches?

A 
Painkillers OTC 
Remove triggers (drink more water, sleep better, reduce stress)
47
Q

Management of cluster headaches?

A

Oxygen

Triptans

48
Q

Presentation of ankle sprain?

A 
After trauma. 
Pain in joint 
ankle swollen 
slight bruising 1-2 days after injury 
Passive inversion is painful
49
Q

A pt has a partial tear ankle sprain. How should this be managed?

A

RICE

Crepe bandaging and active exercise.

Year 3 GP Block (14 decks)

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