Women in Healthcare

Question 1

Florence Nightingale Background

Answer 1

Born 1820 into wealthy middle class family
3 months in nursing hospital in Kaiserwerth Germany
1853 Crimean War British Empire v Russia
go to Scutari Constantinople with team of 38 nurses

Question 2

Scutari hospital conditions

Answer 2

patients sharing beds or on floor
lice, fleas, mice
cholera, typhoid fever, diarrhoea
scarce bandages and soap
food, poor quality, limited
roof leakage
built on cess pool affecting water supply

Question 3

What was done in Scutari

Answer 3

hundreds of scrubbing brushes to clean all surfaces
new kitchen
fundraising to buy towels, soap, shirts for patients
checked on patients at night (‘The lady with the lamp’)
Opened windows (miasma)
writes report ‘Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency and hospital administration of the British Army: founded chiefly on the experience of the late war

Question 4

What was the Rose Diagram?

Answer 4

Royal Commission into health of the army 1856 investigate numbers killed from preventable diseases and not war itself.
Statistics presented in Rose Diagram visual format.
First female member of Royal Statistical Society and honorary member of American Statistical Association

Question 5

Notes on Hospitals

Answer 5

book published 1859. recommend hospitals have high standards of cleanliness, fresh air, space between beds to combat miasma. New Nightingale wards built because of it

Question 6

Notes on Nursing

Answer 6

book published 1859. importance of light and good food for patients. Nurses to have high standards of personal cleanliness. importance of observing patients and reporting to doctors. translated to 11 languages to be spread around the world.

Question 7

Florence Nightingale after the 1850s

Answer 7

two nurses training institutes in London 1860 & 61
died in 1910
on 10 pound banknote 1975-94

Question 8

Elizabeth Garrett

Answer 8

daughter of a wealthy family who wanted to be a doctor.
was a nurse at Middlesex Hospital and attended lectures for male doctors until complained about.
could not go to a medical school and needed private lessons
still could not be licensed.
Her father threatens to sue the Society of Apothecaries to force them to accept her.
qualified to practise medicine in 1865

Question 9

Elizabeth Garrett achievements

Answer 9

-opens St Mary’s Dispensary in London to provide medical treatment to women
-went to Paris to get a medical degree
-the dispensary was named Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital after her death in 1918
-1873 became a member of the British Medical Association
- 1908 first female mayor. mayor of Aldeburgh