Public Health

Question 1

causes for the 1848 Public Health Act

Answer 1

Increasing urban population
living conditions for the poor(poor ventilation, cramped housing, dark)
diseases: small pox, typhus, typhoid fever, cholera last two being waterborne diseases
Edwin Chadwick who wrote a report in 1842 “The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population”

Question 2

Edwin Chadwick

Answer 2

1842 The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population: spend money from local taxes on improving housing for the poor and keeping them healthy so they don’t need to go to the workhouses.
Partly inspired the 1848 public health act. A commissioner for the Board of Health once set up by the PHA.

Question 3

Cholera

Answer 3

Spread because of streets are muddy and filth collected in mud
limited sewage
stagnant water made offensive smells
human feces

Question 4

1848 PHA

Answer 4

General Board of Health
allowed towns to set up local Boards of Health
appointed 3 commissioners to the Board of Health in which Chadwick was one

Question 5

1848 PHA impact

Answer 5

very limited.
terms of act temporary General Board of Health only set up for 5 years.
allowed local authorities to take action but did not have to.
Chadwick wasn’t a likeable leader so couldn’t convince people to accept his ideas

Question 6

John Snow Broad Street Pump

Answer 6

1854 outbreak of Cholera. Suggests it is spread by polluted water. investigated with scientific methods and observations where he found out the cases were focused around the broad street pump.
Explained the LINK BETWEEN INFECTED WATER AND CHOLERA

Question 7

1858 New Sewage System causes

Answer 7

Great Stink Summer 1858 of the Thames

Question 8

1858 New Sewage System Details

Answer 8

Designing a new sewage system.
£3 million to London Metropolitan Board of Works
Joseph Bazalgette Chief engineer
2000km of sewage built by 1865
finished in 1875 £6.5 mil in total

Question 9

1866 Sanitary Act

Answer 9

employ inspectors to check on water supplies and drainage

Question 10

1875 Public Health Act Causes

Answer 10

Changing role of govt. More new voters so political parties needed to appeal to a larger audience of people. new breakthroughs in science

Question 11

1875 Public Health Act

Answer 11

-supply clean water
-deals with sewage in a way that it doesn’t contaminate drinking water
-building public toilets
-new housing built to acceptable standards
-inspecting conditions in lodging houses
-employ health inspectors and sanitary inspectors to enforce rules
-street lighting
-food quality check

Question 12

NHS causes

Answer 12

William Beveridge’s Report 5 giant evils(want, disease, ignorance, squalor, idleness). wants a state that protects the people, a welfare state.
Clement Attlee prime minister announces the welfare state protect the people “from the cradle to the grave” and follows Beveridge’s ideas to have free healthcare
Aneurin Bevan the Health Minister of the time sets up the NHS and helping make doctors agree to join the NHS as some were worried that there would be no free will as everything was funded by the govt or that they wouldn’t be getting good money for their work.

Question 13

NHS granted access to…

Answer 13

Access to a GP
Hospital consultant
diagnostic checks and x-rays, blood tests
surgery
blood transfusion
ambulance
pregnancy care health visits for newborns
vaccination programmes
dental treatment
sight checks and glasses
care for the elderly
care for the disabled
mental health issues
Accident and emergency care
treatment and medication

Question 14

NHS impacts

Answer 14

free medical treatment
nationalisation of hospitals
creation of health centres to provide vaccinations, maternity care, etc.