WOI

Question 1

political reasons for war:

Answer 1

• the doctrine of Lapse
• 1849 moving Bahadur Shah from Red fort to Qutub Minar
• 1856 lord canning said Mughal successor unable to use ‘king’
• defeat in Afghanistan + 100 years myth

Question 2

Reasons for war!!!! (7)

Answer 2

Political
-the doctrine of Lapse
-1849 moving Bahadur Shah from Red fort to Qutub Minar  
-1856 lord canning said Mughal successor unable to use 'king'
-defeat in Afghanistan + 100 years myth
Military
-poor pay
-no retirement age
-no promotion
-overseas to fight 
-no religious signs
Cartridges
-Enfield rifle used cow and pig fat
-sparked revolt 
-Mangal Pandey
Social
-conversions to Christianity
-chapels & churches were built
-civil & military officers to propagate bible
-tax on mosque & temple construction
-1856 general services enlistment act
-women forced to abandon purdha
Innovations/Policies
-railway and telegraph despised (destruction & status)
-suppression of sati and remarriage of widows made Hindus think they were converting them
-Lord Macaulay and the spread of British education
-educated Indians denied high posts
Economic
-1720 law forbidding Indian textiles
-1800 ban on the export of cotton
-industrial revolution and flooding of British products created unemployment
-exploitation of resources and people
-widespread famine + tax
Annexation
-annexed lands of landlords who were left landless, the armies they employed lost jobs
-fought in the war

Question 3

Reasons for failure?

Answer 3

lack of unity 
-mention events
-no common cause or planning (Muslims wanted Mughal rule, Hindus wanted Marathas)
Personal stakes
-no common leader & no nationalism
-personal security
loyalty to British
-Kashmir ruler supplied 2000 troops
-Sikh Punjabi helped recapture Delhi
-Gwalior, Nepal, Hyderabad
trachury in Mughals
-Bahadur Shah's own family members supported the British
-Cousin Asa-Ullah, Begum of Bhopal & own wife Zeenat Mehal
Indian weakness & British strength
-no planning or training of soldiers
-no funds and no weapon supply
-British had better weapons & training
-better strategies
-weapons & funds from England
-naval power and spy system
-best generals: Huson, Edward, Lawrence, Havelock & Neil

Question 4

Events!

Answer 4

-cartridge incident
1857, Mangal Pandey executed 
-Meerut, soldiers refused and were jailed they broke out revolt
-to Delhi Lucknow, Allahabad, Kanpur, Jhansi
-Delhi: Bahadur Shah
-Lucknow: Hazrat Mehal
-Gwalior & Jhansi: Rani Lakshmibai
-Kanpur: tatia topi and Nana sahib