Religious reformers

Question 1

Sir Syed Ahmed Barelvi Jihad movement?

Answer 1

Introduction
-early 19th century Jihad against the Sikhs
-muslims were unsafe under Sikh rule and jihad movement was to liberate them
-under Ranjit Singh muslims faith was restricted (even prayer)
-independant state for religious liberty
Islamic revival
-islamic belief system & state
-revived desire for Jihad
-made an army and gave training
Goals
-begins 1826
-started from Delhi and toured north India for support
-6000 Mujahideen to Sindh Baluchistan and NWFP
-HQ at Nowshera (Muslim population & Pathan tribes who were loyal Muslims & warriors)
-wanted to liberate Sindh, Punjab & NWFP
Battles
-Akora 1826
-Hazro 1827
-Peshawar 1830
-Yar Muhammad & Mohammad khan (traitors)
-Mohammad khan made leader of Peshawar who betrayed Muhajideen and killed them while SSAB was gone to Balakot to liberate Kashmir
End
-Balakot 1831
SSAB and his forces were inside Vs Sher Singh and 20000
-defeat and death of most mujahideen and SSAB

Question 2

Syed Ahmed Barelvi belief?

Answer 2

• rule of punjab sikhs and muslim oppression
• jihad movement beginning 1826
• preaching is nothing without political drive behind it
• muslims must have military strength to regain glory
• inspired by SWU

Question 3

Shah Waliullah belief?

Answer 3

• brought an era of religious revival despite bad conditions of Islam
• idetified causes of Muslim deterioration (mughals)
• gave remedies
• believed in strong understanding of Quran and Sunnah
• taught students to spread Islam
• translated & wrote books so it was easier to learn

-thought Muslims were a helpless disorganised group who had poor understanding of their religion

Question 4

Shah Walliullah services?

Answer 4

• translation of Quran to Persian 1738
• sons translated to Urdu
• commentary on hadith collection of Imam Muttah
• 51 books
• trained students and entrusted them to spread knowledge (madrassa rammiya)
• practice of ijtihad instead of blind Taqlid & wrote Al ijtihad qa al Taqlid
• created balance between the four school of thought (hanafi.Malaki, Shafi and hambali) by writing Al Insaf
• Marathas threatened to occupy delhi
• SWU prepared Shuja ud daulah & Najid ullah for jihad
• Wrote to Ahmad Shah abdali + third battle of Panipat
• tried to unite shias and sunnis who had rivalry
• wrote Izalat al Akhfa & Khilafat al khulafa
• book Hujjat ullah il Balighah highlighted causes of Muslim detoriation
• reoirienting Muslim society by focusing on basic social justice
• was against wasteful spending & extravagance
• asked Muslims to look after the poor

Question 5

Haji Shariatullah