WK7- Infection Control and Bacteria

Question 1

Demonstrate proper handwashing procedure.

Answer 1

…

Question 2

Isolation Precautions: Define contact precautions

Answer 2

PPE: gloves and gown

VRE, MRSA, scabies, lice

Question 3

Isolation Precautions: Define Droplet precaution

Answer 3

PPE: Gloves, gown, and mask

necrotizing fasciitis, certain PNAs, influenza

Question 4

Isolation Precautions: Define Airborne precautions

Answer 4

PPE: gloves, gown, special mask, negative pressure room

TB, measles

Question 5

Isolation Precautions: Define reverse isolation

Answer 5

wearing PPE to protect the patient from you germs instead of vice versa

Question 6

When would you as a PT use sterile technique ?

Answer 6

Immunocompromised burns, severe burns, large surface area wounds, packing deep wounds

Question 7

Demonstrate or talk through proper sterile glove application

Answer 7

…

Question 8

How are bacteria named ?

Answer 8

by genus and species

shape: cocci, spirilla, bacilli

Reproduction:
if divide in chains: strept
if divide in clusters: staphly

Staining:
gram-positive: stains crystal violet
gram-negative: stained by sapharin

growth environment: aerobic v anaerobic

Question 9

Bacteria to know: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 9

can live hours to days on surfaces
can cause cellulitis, osteomyelitis, abscesses
Treated with Mupirocin ( Bactroban)

common in blood, stool, and wound

Question 10

Bacteria to know: Vancomycin Resistant enterococci (VRE)

Answer 10

treated with amphicillin-amoxicillin

common in urine and surgical wounds

Question 11

Bacteria to know: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 11

gram-negative anaerobe
“sickly sweet” odor

green drainage

Question 12

Briefly summarize what a biofilm is

Answer 12

A hard to kill complex community of bacteria or fungi held together by a self produced polymer matrix.

Question 13

Describe: contamination, colonization, critical colonization, infection

Answer 13

contamination ( normal): microbes present, non-replicating
colonization (normal): replicating microbes
critical colonization: bioburden reaches a critical point and begins to adversely affects host

infection: replicating microbes invade viable body tissue

Question 14

Why do microbes cause problems ?

Answer 14

compete with host cell for available oxygen and nutrients
bacterial exotoxins may be cytotoxic
bacterial endotoxins may activate host inflammatory processes
wound infections delay and may prevent wound healing

Question 15

How do you differentiate between inflammation and infection?

Answer 15

See Chart in WK7 active course notes

Question 16

What are the local risk factors for infection ?

Answer 16

ischemia, necrotic tissue, wound debris, chronic wounds

Question 17

What are the host risk factors for infection ?

Answer 17

break in skin integrity, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, steroid use, immunocompromise, increased age

Question 18

Name some anitbacterial agents.

Answer 18

Bacitracin, gentamicin sulfate .1%, mafenide acetate .5% cream or soln., mupirocin (bactroban), neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, polysporin powder, Silver Sulfadiazine 1% cream, Neosporin

antifungals: nystatin, oxiconazole, Miconazole

Question 19

Differentiate between the signs of inflammation and the signs of infection.

Answer 19

Rubor:
infections rubor border is poorly defined and disproportionate, red streaks may appear from wound

Calor: Patient may have a fever during an infection, or warmth spread over a large area

Tumor: in an infection the skin be indurated and swelling disproportionate to wound size.

Dolor: infections pain is normally new onset and increased pain

Functio Laesas: in an infection patient’s feel ill, and malaise

Drainage: infections have thicker and colored drainage or odorous

Decline in wound: infections plateau in healing, granulation tissue changes