wk7

Question 1

humanistic approaches

Answer 1

lvl 1: dispositions: traits
lvl 2: characteristic adaptations
lvl 3: integrative life stories

Question 2

dispositions/traits

Answer 2

recognisable on the surface, descriptive but not explanatory - outline of the person

Question 3

characteristic adaptations

Answer 3

situational & learning - influences; why are individuals different. filling is specific details.

Question 4

integrative life stories

Answer 4

what gives life a sense of unity and purpose? what ones life means

Question 5

instinctoid

Answer 5

we have innate tendencies toward healthy growth and development

Question 6

deficiency ‘D’ motivation

Answer 6

negative emotional state
hunger, thirst, need for safety/love

lessen intensity as ket

Question 7

growth/being ‘B’ motives

Answer 7

positive motivational state
giving love unselfishly, drive, curiosity, thirst for knowledge, skill development

unique to individuals

gain intensity as met

Question 8

hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

1st - physiological
2nd - safety
3rd - love and belonging
4th - esteem
5 - self actualisation

Question 9

physiological needs

Answer 9

air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

Question 10

safety needs

Answer 10

personally security, employment, resources, health, property

Question 11

love and belonging

Answer 11

friendship, intimacy, family, a sense of connection

Question 12

esteem

Answer 12

respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom

Question 13

self actualisation

Answer 13

desire to become the most that one can be

• individual do who do the best they are capable of
• a general characteristic = frequency they have peak experiences (feelings of ecstasy when achieving something/ when viewing sunsets or stars)
• experiences are influential to ones life
• lack of wants, deficiencies or needs

Question 14

characteristics of self actualisation

Answer 14

• creative solutions and novel ideas
• B-cognition (non judgemental thinking, occurs during peak experiences)
• self acceptance
• more tolerant
• fewer distortions in perceptions

Question 15

rogers basic principles

Answer 15

phenomenological position regarding reality
humans function within a subjective frame of reality
how we perceive is based on our moods, beliefs, past experiences and the type of people we are.

Question 16

rogers on self actualisation

Answer 16

we all have a natural tendency to self actualise it just depends on whether we are blocked.

blocks cause all problems

no motives other than self actualisation

Question 17

human needs

Answer 17

the drive for satisfaction of basic needs (biological)
development of our potential and the qualities that make us worthwhile human beings (psychological)

rogers focused on psychological as a positive drive.

we develop self destructive aggressive behaviours under perverse conditions

Question 18

the real self

Answer 18

real organismic self. the genetic blueprint for the person we are capable of becoming if developmental circumstances are favourable

Question 19

self concept

Answer 19

ideal self - based on hopes and wishes. how we could like to see ourselves.

Question 20

conditions of worth

Answer 20

• criteria for what we must or must not do in order to gain approval
• these may interfere with personal development if our sole objective is to gain approval from others
• deeply embedded and resistant to change
• they dictate the way we interact with people and the world
• socially constructed / judging ourselves according to what others think of us
• parents and schools influence this

Question 21

developing self concept

Answer 21

parents and schools facilitate the exploration of curiosity and self reliance and respect for others it fosters creativity

Question 22

parents with fewer conditions of worth

Answer 22

high functioning - more accepting and impose fewer CoW on their kids

Question 23

people with more CoWs

Answer 23

less accepting and more judgemental

affects acceptance of others and the self which can cause distortions of reality

Question 24

developing self concept (2)

Answer 24

there are no stages in the development of self actualisation/ only good and bad environments to facilitate or restrict it

Question 25

fully functioning person (1)

Answer 25

``` highly open to experience high in self acceptance positive self concept positive self esteem few conditions of worth ```

Question 26

fully functioning person (2)

Answer 26

``` highly conscientious highly agreeable high in openness low in neuroticism Extroverted high in honesty and humility low in dark triad ```

Question 27

person centered therapy

Answer 27

therapist displayed unconditional positive regard for the client

Question 28

therapist has to be

Answer 28

trusting accretive empathetic to help them to recognise and untangle their feelings and return to an actualising state

Question 29

congruence

Answer 29

important for understanding the self - self concept - ideal self - organismic self

Question 30

strengths of rogers (1)

Answer 30

- reasonable if simplified description of behaviours - concept of conditions of worth are a valuable way of describing mechanisms we use to evaluate our own behaviours - description of the self is innovative and comparison of ideal self is valuable - concepts are intuitive and have high face validity - phenomenological approach attempts to engage with the world as individuals experience it

Question 31

strengths of rogers (2)

Answer 31

- a lot of research done to support his theories - over time has expanded to encompass development, education, culture and society - controversy and debate is valuable to science - self and ideal self led to attention in these areas -> more research - core conditions of counselling caused therapy and counselling training to reflect educational training

Question 32

limitations rogers (1)

Answer 32

- not a total description of human behaviour - excludes the richness of the unconscious - reductionist when applying counselling principles to societal problems, ignoring social historical and political factors - reliant on individual observations not objective measurement

Question 33

limitations rogers (2)

Answer 33

- Limited support for the idea that humans know what’s best for them - concepts like unconditional positive regard a little fuzzy and difficult to measure - claims of non-directiveness in relation to therapy may be overstated - could be said to have fundamentally too few concepts and assumptions

Question 34

maslow strengths (1)

Answer 34

- reasonable if simplified description of behaviours - good face validity - novel creative approach seeking to explain complex human behaviours - widely used in organisational/work psychology and other disciplines - widespread acceptance among psychologists and others

Question 35

maslow strengths (2)

Answer 35

- Liz the foundations for positive psychology - makes the self-concept an important construct - stressed the need to ask meaningful questions versus pursuing trivial research - question the laboratory approach - applicable to health and ‘healthy people’ novel

Question 36

maslow limitations (1)

Answer 36

- overly positive - some inconsistencies and accepting Freudian defence mechanisms - Little evidence of scientific value (needs not defined) - no discussion of genetic contributions - over simplification of human needs and behaviour; lacks specifics about behaviours and rewards that satisfy needs

Question 37

maslow limitations (2)

Answer 37

- middle-class doctrine neglect the impact of social context on peoples interpretation of their needs - not personality theory but about psychological adjustment - descriptive rather than evaluative - does not detail how self actualisation can be achieved - Peak experiences may not relate to self actualisation