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wk7 Flashcards

1
Q

humanistic approaches

A

lvl 1: dispositions: traits
lvl 2: characteristic adaptations
lvl 3: integrative life stories

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2
Q

dispositions/traits

A

recognisable on the surface, descriptive but not explanatory - outline of the person

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3
Q

characteristic adaptations

A

situational & learning - influences; why are individuals different. filling is specific details.

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4
Q

integrative life stories

A

what gives life a sense of unity and purpose? what ones life means

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5
Q

instinctoid

A

we have innate tendencies toward healthy growth and development

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6
Q

deficiency ‘D’ motivation

A

negative emotional state
hunger, thirst, need for safety/love

lessen intensity as ket

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7
Q

growth/being ‘B’ motives

A

positive motivational state
giving love unselfishly, drive, curiosity, thirst for knowledge, skill development

unique to individuals

gain intensity as met

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8
Q

hierarchy of needs

A 
1st - physiological
2nd - safety
3rd - love and belonging
4th - esteem
5 - self actualisation
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9
Q

physiological needs

A

air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

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10
Q

safety needs

A

personally security, employment, resources, health, property

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11
Q

love and belonging

A

friendship, intimacy, family, a sense of connection

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12
Q

esteem

A

respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom

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13
Q

self actualisation

A

desire to become the most that one can be

  • individual do who do the best they are capable of
  • a general characteristic = frequency they have peak experiences (feelings of ecstasy when achieving something/ when viewing sunsets or stars)
  • experiences are influential to ones life
  • lack of wants, deficiencies or needs
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14
Q

characteristics of self actualisation

A
  • creative solutions and novel ideas
  • B-cognition (non judgemental thinking, occurs during peak experiences)
  • self acceptance
  • more tolerant
  • fewer distortions in perceptions
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15
Q

rogers basic principles

A

phenomenological position regarding reality
humans function within a subjective frame of reality
how we perceive is based on our moods, beliefs, past experiences and the type of people we are.

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16
Q

rogers on self actualisation

A

we all have a natural tendency to self actualise it just depends on whether we are blocked.

blocks cause all problems

no motives other than self actualisation

17
Q

human needs

A

the drive for satisfaction of basic needs (biological)
development of our potential and the qualities that make us worthwhile human beings (psychological)

rogers focused on psychological as a positive drive.

we develop self destructive aggressive behaviours under perverse conditions

18
Q

the real self

A

real organismic self. the genetic blueprint for the person we are capable of becoming if developmental circumstances are favourable

19
Q

self concept

A

ideal self - based on hopes and wishes. how we could like to see ourselves.

20
Q

conditions of worth

A
  • criteria for what we must or must not do in order to gain approval
  • these may interfere with personal development if our sole objective is to gain approval from others
  • deeply embedded and resistant to change
  • they dictate the way we interact with people and the world
  • socially constructed / judging ourselves according to what others think of us
  • parents and schools influence this
21
Q

developing self concept

A

parents and schools facilitate the exploration of curiosity and self reliance and respect for others it fosters creativity

22
Q

parents with fewer conditions of worth

A

high functioning - more accepting and impose fewer CoW on their kids

23
Q

people with more CoWs

A

less accepting and more judgemental

affects acceptance of others and the self which can cause distortions of reality

24
Q

developing self concept (2)

A

there are no stages in the development of self actualisation/ only good and bad environments to facilitate or restrict it

25
Q

fully functioning person (1)

A 
highly open to experience
high in self acceptance
positive self concept
positive self esteem
few conditions of worth
26
Q

fully functioning person (2)

A 
highly conscientious 
highly agreeable
high in openness
low in neuroticism
Extroverted 
high in honesty and humility
low in dark triad
27
Q

person centered therapy

A

therapist displayed unconditional positive regard for the client

28
Q

therapist has to be

A

trusting
accretive
empathetic

to help them to recognise and untangle their feelings and return to an actualising state

29
Q

congruence

A

important for understanding the self

  • self concept
  • ideal self
  • organismic self
30
Q

strengths of rogers (1)

A
  • reasonable if simplified description of behaviours
  • concept of conditions of worth are a valuable way of describing mechanisms we use to evaluate our own behaviours
  • description of the self is innovative and comparison of ideal self is valuable
  • concepts are intuitive and have high face validity
  • phenomenological approach attempts to engage with the world as individuals experience it
31
Q

strengths of rogers (2)

A
  • a lot of research done to support his theories
  • over time has expanded to encompass development, education, culture and society
  • controversy and debate is valuable to science
  • self and ideal self led to attention in these areas -> more research
  • core conditions of counselling caused therapy and counselling training to reflect educational training
32
Q

limitations rogers (1)

A
  • not a total description of human behaviour
  • excludes the richness of the unconscious
  • reductionist when applying counselling principles to societal problems, ignoring social historical and political factors
  • reliant on individual observations not objective measurement
33
Q

limitations rogers (2)

A
  • Limited support for the idea that humans know what’s best for them
  • concepts like unconditional positive regard a little fuzzy and difficult to measure
  • claims of non-directiveness in relation to therapy may be overstated
  • could be said to have fundamentally too few concepts and assumptions
34
Q

maslow strengths (1)

A
  • reasonable if simplified description of behaviours
  • good face validity
  • novel creative approach seeking to explain complex human behaviours
  • widely used in organisational/work psychology and other disciplines
  • widespread acceptance among psychologists and others
35
Q

maslow strengths (2)

A
  • Liz the foundations for positive psychology
  • makes the self-concept an important construct
  • stressed the need to ask meaningful questions versus pursuing trivial research
  • question the laboratory approach
  • applicable to health and ‘healthy people’ novel
36
Q

maslow limitations (1)

A
  • overly positive
  • some inconsistencies and accepting Freudian defence mechanisms
  • Little evidence of scientific value (needs not defined)
  • no discussion of genetic contributions
  • over simplification of human needs and behaviour; lacks specifics about behaviours and rewards that satisfy needs
37
Q

maslow limitations (2)

A
  • middle-class doctrine neglect the impact of social context on peoples interpretation of their needs
  • not personality theory but about psychological adjustment
  • descriptive rather than evaluative
  • does not detail how self actualisation can be achieved
  • Peak experiences may not relate to self actualisation

PID (3 decks)

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