wk3: CLM - Optics of CLs 1 Flashcards
List 5 visual differences between contact lenses and spectacles
Magnification Accommodation and convergence FOV Oblique aberrations Cosmesis
Should you use the same BVP for a CL as for a spectacle prescription?
Not necessarily, because CLs are worn at the corneal plane, we must convert from spectacle refraction to ocular refraction when determining the CL BVP (though this only occurs when power 4 diopters or more) [lens effectivity]
What is the lens effectivity equation?
Fcl = Fspec/(1-VdFspec)
When does the power difference between contact lenses and spectacles become significant? (i.e. over 0.25D)
When the magnitude of the ocular refraction is over about +/- 4 diopters
When relevant, how does the power of CLs compare to spectacles in myopes?
myopes require lower powered CLs than their spectacles
When relevant, how does the power of CLs compare to spectacles in hyperopes?
hyperopes require higher powered CLs than their spectacles
How do you calculate lens effectivity for a contact lens with astigmatism?
Do both meridians separately
What is the equation for spectacle magnification?
SM = retinal image size corrected eye/retinal image size uncorrected eye
How does the magnification/minification of CLs differ from spectacle magnification?
CLs create very little magnification or minification
How do objects appear (in terms of size) for a myope with spectacles compared to CLs? How about hyperopes
In spectacles, objects appear much smaller for myopes and larger for hyperopes
How do contact lenses affect accommodative demand relative to spectacles in myopes?
CLs increase the accommodative demand relative to spectacles
How do contact lenses affect accommodative demand relative to spectacles in hyperopes?
CLs decrease the accommodative demand
Consider the effect of a myope wearing contact lenses in place of spectacles. What would happen to the vergence demand? Describe the effect on exophores and esophores
More accommodative demand will mean more accommodative vergence compared to spectacles. For exophores, their exophoria will decrease, reducing their need for positive fusional vergence. For esophores, their esophoria will increase, increasing their need for negative fusional vergence.
What is the prismatic effect when looking at distance vs near (for both plus and minus lenses)? What effect does it have on convergence demand?
Distance: no prismatic effect
Near
- Minus lenses induce BI prism, reducing convergence demand
- Positive lenses induce BO prism, increasing convergence demand
Explain the prismatic effect from spectacles when looking at distance
no prismatic effect because you are looking through the optical centre