wk11: CL/M - Non surgical mx of Hyperopia Flashcards
When does the major post-natal growth of the eye occur?
during the first 3 years of life
How long is the axial length for the neonatal eye, infant eye (3 yrs), and adult eye (16 yrs)
Neonatal: 16.5mm
Infant: 22.5mm
Adult: 23.5mm
According to research by Mayer et al. 2001 on refractive error distribution in children over the first 48 months of life: during what time period was a wider spread of refractive errors noticed?
In first year of life
According to research from Mayer et al. 2001, what was the average spherical equivalent mean refraction for 1 month old and 48 month old?
1 month: +2.20 diopters
48 months: +1.13 diopters
According to Ip et al., 2008: What level of hyperopia (in diopters) do most children up to 6 years old have?
Below +2.00DS
According to Ip et al. 2008: What is the prevalence of moderate hyperopia (+2.00D or more) in 6 year olds? What about 12 year olds?
6 year olds: 13%
12 year olds: 5%
How good of an indication is refractive state measured soon after birth for the final refractive error of the child? Explain
Good. With those myopic early in infancy eventually regressing back to myopia despite emmetropising in early childhood
How can we measure refractive error? (3))
Auto-refractor
Non-cycloplegic ret
Cycloplegic ret
Which method of measuring refractive error in children is the gold standard?
cycloplegic retinoscopy (using cyclopentolate obviously)
What should we aim for when doing cylcoplegic retinoscopy?
Maximum plus
Is subjective refraction reliable in a child younger than 7-8 years of age?
No.
What did The Vision in Preschoolers Study group conclude when comparing 11 preschool vision screening tests by licensed eye care professionals?
- Screening tests vary widely in performance
- With 90% specificity, the best tests detected only 2/3rds of chilren having >/= 1 targeted condition, but nearly 90% of children with the most important conditions
- The 2 tests that use static photorefractive technology were less accurate than 3 tests that assess refractive errors in other ways
In the study of screening tests by The Vision in Preschoolers Study, how did the sensitivity and specificity of non-cycloplegic retinoscopy compare to auto-refractors?
had a higher overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting refractive error than any of the measured auto-refractors
What is the gold standard for refractive assessment in children under 4 and children with esotropia?
Cycloplegic ret (with cyclopentolate)
Will you be able to determine the final hyperopia measure by the end of the first visit with a child under 4 or with esotropia?
No you won’t be able to determine this