Wk3 Body Defences

Question 1

What is an antigen?

Answer 1

Foreign substances in the body (invaders). Including: viruses, bacteria, fungi, toxins and parasites.

Question 2

Describe Innate Immunity (Nonspecific Defence)

Answer 2

Prevents ALL types of entry of antigens. If already entered to eliminate or prevent spread.

Question 3

Describe Active Immunity (Specific Defence)

Answer 3

Focused attack against specific pathogen causing infection and creating protection against that pathogen.

Question 4

Antigen and Pathogen impacts the respiratory system through: ________ ?

Answer 4

Inhalation

Question 5

Antigen and Pathogen impacts the GIT system through: ________ ?

Answer 5

Ingestion

Question 6

Antigen and Pathogen impacts the urinary and reproductive tracts through: ________ ?

Answer 6

Sexual Contact

Question 7

Antigen and Pathogen impacts the Integumentary system through: ________ ?

Answer 7

Trauma / Cuts and wounds.

Question 8

Physical defence barriers, include:

Answer 8

Skin, Hair, Mucous membrane, Cilia and Mucus

Question 9

Chemical defence barriers, include:

Answer 9

Sweat, Sebum, Tears (lysozyme), saliva, stomach acid and urine

Question 10

Biological cell defence barriers, include:

Answer 10

Neutrophils, Macrophages, NK cells (natural killers cells) and Mast cells.

Question 11

Describe Neutrophils.

Answer 11

Deformable cells that move out from blood vessels. The phagocytose release their contents to kill antigens and eventually form pus

Question 12

What is pus?

Answer 12

Creamy white semisolid materials. Consisting of: neutrophils, macrophages, damaged tissue and dead pathogens.

Question 13

What is macrophages?

Answer 13

Blood monocytes that ingest bacteria, viruses, dead cells and foreign matter.

Question 14

What is a NK (Natural Killer) cell?

Answer 14

First line of defence against tumour and viral infection. Bind to cells using antibody “bridge” then kill it by secreting a chemical called ‘perforin’.

Question 15

What is the complement system?

Answer 15

A group of proteins that circulate in the blood. Which undergo a process resulting in the formation of chemical mediators.

Question 16

Inflammation localises the ________/damage.

Answer 16

Inflammation localises the infection and damage

Question 17

Signs of inflammation can include:

Answer 17

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain and loss of function.

Question 18

Redness and heat occurs when:

Answer 18

Due to increased blood flow and also to vasodilation histamine.