Wk 5 Endorine Glands- Hormones

Question 0

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different

Answer 0

An endocrine gland secretes hormones into the blood via the ECF (the anterior pituitary and the thyroid) and an exocrine gland secretes onto an epithelial surface or into a duct (sweat glands and gastric glands )

Question 1

Define a hormone

Answer 1

A compound secreted by one dell that travels through the circulatory system to affect the activities of cells in another part of the body

Question 2

Hormones can be classified into 3 structures, what are they?

Answer 2

Peptide hormones
Lipid based (steroid) hormones
Amino acid derivatives (anime hormones)

Question 3

Name some lipid based hormones

Answer 3

Testosterone , oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol

Question 4

Cellular activities are coordinated by the exchange of ions/molecules across gap junctions between adjacent cells.
Is it true that the 2 cells must be of the same type and be in extensive physical contact

Answer 4

Yes!

Question 5

When does paracrine communication occur?

Answer 5

It occurs within a single tissue to transfer information via paracrine factors (normal hormones)

Question 6

Autocrine signalling : a cell ______ a hormone or ______ messenger that bonds to a _______ receptor on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell

Answer 6

Autocrine signalling : a cell SECRETS a hormone or CHEMICAL messenger that bonds to a AUTOCRINE receptor on the same cell, leading to changes in the cell

Question 7

How do hormones alter activities of target cells of different tissues

Answer 7

They change the types or quantities produced of important enzymes and structural proteins

Question 8

What’s the primary role of the endocrine system

Answer 8

Maintains homeostasis in the body through regulating the secretion of hormones to respond to changing environment conditions

Question 9

What’s another role for the endocrine system

Answer 9

Regulates long term changes in the body

For example- development during puberty and life long maintenance of the reproductive system

Question 10

Name some similarities between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 10

Both release chemicals that bind to specific receptors on their target cells

Both maintain homeostasis
Both systems are mainly controlled by negative feedback
Both have chemical messengers the same. Such as adrenaline and nonadrenlim even

Question 11

When might a hormone be deactivated

Answer 11

When they :
Diffuse out of the blood stream and bind to receptors on target cells

Are absorbed and broken down by liver cells and removed by the kidney
Or are broken down by enzymes in blood plasma

Question 12

To respond to a hormone, a target cell must have the appropriate receptor
If a cell lacks a receptor for a particular hormone, what effect will it have on the the cell?

Answer 12

No effect whatsoever.

Question 13

A cell is a target because why

Answer 13

It has a specific receptor for the hormone

Question 14

Hormones alter cell activity by doing wat

Answer 14

Turning on a specific gene on or off

Controlling transport (open/close membrane channel) 
Changing the rate of enzymatic reaction.

Question 15

Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are synthesised in the hypothalamus

True or false

Answer 15

Tru

Question 16

The hypothalamus secretes specific regulatory hormones that affect the anterior pituitary
What are these two hormones called

Answer 16

Releasing hormones (RHs)
Inhibiting hormones (IHs)

Question 17

What are the three functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 17

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle contraction

Control of autonomic functions including regulating heart rate/bp/respiration and digestion

Coordinating the nervous and endocrine systems by neuroendocrine control
Secrets ADH which reduces water loss at kidneys , oxytocin which stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterus and mammary glands in female and the sperm duct and prostate gland in males

Controls emotional and behavioural drives such as hunger and thirst
Regulates body temp

Question 18

Releasing hormones (RHs) prevent the synthesis and secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary

True or false

Answer 18

False 
Inhibiting hormones (IHs) prevent the synthesis and secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary 

And 
Releasing hormones (RHs) stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary

Question 19

Tropic/trophic (trope= a turning) turn on

Answer 19

4!

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

Question 20

The TSH hormone stands for what

Answer 20

Thyroid stimulating

Question 21

What controls the endocrine system

Answer 21

Our emotions, perceptions, cognitions, experiences, behaviour, our response to the environment 
= higher brain areas
-hypothalamus 
-pituitary gland
-other endocrine glands