Wk3 Flashcards
Tranquilizer
Drug that induces a state of calm.
Aware of surroundings but unconcerned
Sedative
Drug that induces CNS depression and drowsiness
unaware of surroundings, can be aroused by noxious stimulus
Phenothiazines
Not controlled sedation anti-emetic, anti-arrhythmic, antihistamine Penile prolapse in horses No analgesia
Neuroleptanalgesia
A state of profound sedation and analgesia induced by the simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer.
Ketamine Concentration
100mg/ml
Drugs that combine with Ketamine
Diazepam (equal volume not mg)
Xylazine (okay for cats, Great for Horses)
Acepromazine
Phenothiazine Drugs
Acepromazine
Chlorpromazine (large animal anti-emetic)
Phenothiazine MOA
Block post-synaptic dopamine receptors in the CNS
Kitty Magic
▪ Alpha 2 Agonist (Dexmedetomidine)
▪ Dissociative (Ketamine)
▪ Opioid (Buprenorphine)
Telazol - primary ingredients
Tiletamine and zolazepam
IM (IV only in dogs)
Benzodiazepines Reversal:
Flumazenil
Opioid Reversal
Naloxone
Opioid MOA
Opioid receptors are found throughout the body but the analgesic and sedative effects of opioids are the result of their action on receptors located in the CNS
MU and Kappa
neuroleptanalgesia drug combo
Opioid and Tranquilizer
Morphine Receptors
True agonist
Mu and Kappa
2-4 hr duration
Class 2
Butorphanol
Partial Agonist for both Mu and Kappa
Short duration 45-90 min
Class 4
Buprenorphine
Partial agonist Mu, Antagonist Kappa
delayed onset of action 40 min then 6-12 hours
Class 3
MAC
▪ MAC Minimum alveolar concentration the lowest concentration of anesthetic that produces no response in 50% of the patients exposed to a painful stimulus
Vaporizer settings for maintenance
Iso 1.5-2.5% Sevo 2.5-4% Des 8-12%
Maximum vaporizer settings
Iso 5% Sevo 8% Des 18%
MAC of Iso Sevo and Des
Iso 1.5-2.5 Sevo 2-2.5 Des7.2-9.8
Nociception
transduction, transmission, pain modulation, and perception
Drugs that are commonly combined with ketamine
Diazepam ▪ Midazolam ▪ Xylazine (okay for cats, Great for Horses) ▪ Acepromazine ▪ Dexmedetomidine
Diazepam
GLASS BROWN bottle (light sensitive)
5mg/ml
Lipophilic (no IM)
Tranquilizerer, Anti-anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation, anti-convulsant, NO ANALGESIA,
Fentanyl transdermal patches
Class 2
take 6 hours in cats and up to 12 hours in dogs to take effect
● Generic (can be cut) vs. Duragesic (cannot be cut)
● Patch duration – 3 days
IV - Short duration 30 min
Propofol
Short acting hypnotic Protect from light Induction agent NO ANALGESIA Do not use inhyoproteinemic patients Apnea, histamine release
Guaifenesin
Muscle relaxant for horses and Induction
TIVA
Total IV Anesthesia (used in large animal) Triple drip
Premed Xylazine, Induce Ketamine, Maintained Guaifenesin, ketamine, xylazine
Distribution and elimination of gas anesthetics
Concentration gradient
Alveoli to blood to brain = anesthetic depth
Vapor pressure
how fast it turns to gas (higher the number the faster the gas vaporizes)
Solubility coefficient
dissolved into blood/tissue (lower the faster the induction and recovery)
Iso is special
Iso has fewest adverse effects on heart and low fat solubility
Sevo is special
Sevo has high MAC and therefore rapid induction. Liver metabolized and causes hypotension. NO ANALGESIA. Can react to CO2 absorber (Baralyme) creates Compound A which causes kidney damage
Des is special
Des needs a heated vaporizer. Fastest rapid induction.
N20
why
MAC
Nitrous Oxide
Added to prev. anesthetics to quicken the effects and reduce negative.
20-30%
N2O:O2
2:1
run oxygen for 5 minutes after nitrous is turned off to reduce poss. hypoxia
Contraindications of gas anesthetic
Do not use w/ P w/ brain pressure (cerebral spinal fluid pressure)
