wk2: ND - Brain lesions causing visual field defects Flashcards
List 3 possible locations of a lesion if it is post-chiasmal
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Other
List 4 descriptors of visual field loss arising from brain origin
Side (R or L)
Nature (homonymous or bitemporal, binasal)
Congruity (similarity e.g. in terms of severity)
Type (e.g. hemianopia, sup or inf quandrantanopia or sectoranopia)
How can you differentiate a non-glaucomatous visual field loss from a glaucomatous one?
Non-glaucomatous defects generally stop when they reach the vertical midline (in fundus) rather than the horizontal one
i.e. a glaucoma defect will NOT respect this vertical midline
Where is a visual field defect most likely located if it respects the vertical midline?
Posterior to chiasm (post-chiasmal, so further up in visual pathway) (could even just be chiasmal too based on lecture slides)
Where is a visual field defect most likely located if it respects the horizontal midline?
Anterior to chiasm (so pre-chiasmal, think optic nerve, retina)
What type of pattern is shown by visual field loss from optic nerve defects?
Arcuate patterns
What are visual field defects in the arcuate region called (when isolated)?
Bjerrum scotoma
What are visual field defects in the arcuate region called (when joined with BS)?
Arcuate
How does early loss of superficial GCs affect ONH appearance? (2)
steep cup with notch paracentral to Bjerrum scotoma
How does an early loss of deep GCs affect ONH appearance? (2)
honeycomb and “saucerised” cup and Bjerrum scotom with nasal step
Can retinal visual field defects cross the midlines?
yes
What does a retinal visual field defect involve if it respects the horizontal midline? (1)
RGCs
What do altitudinal visual field defects usually indicate for?
ischaemia for one pole of the ONH
Where might be responsible for a banana visual field defect? (2)
Optic Nerve or
Retina
What should you consider first when you see steep sided total peripheral visual field loss?
Could be functional (i.e. consciously or unconsciously deciding they can’t see in certain regions)