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BB > WK16: AIHA, HDN, Blood borne Diseases > Flashcards

WK16: AIHA, HDN, Blood borne Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal RBCs

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

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2
Q

destruction of the cell membrane wherein the Hgb inside
the RBC leaks out of the membrane and finds its way through the superficial
layer of the skin and bluish discoloration is evident.

A

Hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

HDN usually results from incompatibility between _______

A

maternal and fetal blood

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4
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis is characterized by ______

A

hepatosplenomegaly

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5
Q

The immunoglobulin shot is administered again at least _____ after birth if the baby is Rh positive

A

72 hours

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6
Q

If a baby experiences erythroblastosis fetalis in the womb,

they may be given ___________

A

intrauterine blood transfusions

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7
Q

administered to unsensitized Rh negative

women

A

Rhogam

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8
Q

True or False:
Rhogam will stop your antibodies from
reacting to your baby’s Rh positive cells

A

True

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9
Q

True or False:
Without the use of Rho-GAM, an Rh- woman is likely to produce lower amounts
of Rh+ antibodies

A

False (higher amounts of Rh+ Abs)

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10
Q

Rhogam can stay in the body for _____

A

8-12 weeks

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11
Q

half-life of passive anti-D from RhIG is approximately ___________

A

3 weeks

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12
Q

re-formed antibodies which is an immunoglobulin detected in the serum titer at 3 weeks

A

Passive anti-D

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13
Q

set of surveillance procedures covering the entire blood transfusion chain, from the donation and processing of blood and its components, through to their provision and transfusion to patients, and including their follow up

A

Haemovigilance

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14
Q

Haemovigilance It includes the ____________ of adverse events
related to the donation, processing and transfusion of blood, and taking action to prevent their occurrence or recurrence

A

monitoring, reporting, investigation and analysis

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15
Q

Stakeholders of the haemovigilance system

A 
blood transfusion service
hospital clinical staff and transfusion laboratories
hospital transfusion committees
the national regulatory agency
national health authorities
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16
Q

SIX Essential functions of a national blood system

A
  • policy formulation
  • standard setting
  • strategic and operational planning
  • provision of sufficient resources and
  • national coordination and management to ensure an
    adequate supply of blood and
  • blood products and safe clinical transfusion
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17
Q

key to ensuring the availability of safe blood for all patients needing transfusions

A

Quality system

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18
Q

multi-step process with risk of error in each process from selecting donors, safe collecting and processing donations, testing of donor and patient samples, issue of compatible blood, to transfusing the patient

A

Blood transfusion

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19
Q

provides a framework within

which activities are established, performed in a quality focused way and continuously monitored to improve outcomes

A

Effective quality system

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20
Q

The risk associated with blood transfusion can be

significantly reduced by the introduction of __________

A

quality systems, external quality assessment and education and training for staff

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21
Q

cover all aspects of its activities and ensure traceability, from the recruitment and selection of blood donors to the transfusion of blood and blood products to patients

A

quality system

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22
Q

The safest blood donors are ____________

A

voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations

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23
Q

every person in the care and

custody of the state shall have the right to HIV prevention, testing, treatment and counseling services

A

HIV & AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 2017

24
Q

Three strategies for safe and rational clinical use of blood

A

Prevention, early diagnosis and effective treatment

25
Q

rare red blood cell disorder and an immune disorder

A

Autoimmune homlytic anemia

26
Q

AIHA happens when the body produces antibodies that ____

A

destroy the red blood cells

27
Q

develops when there are not enough red blood cells because the
body destroys them sooner than it should

A

Hemolytic anemia

28
Q

AIHA is a ____ condition in children

A

rare

29
Q

Involves IgG

A

Warm AIHA

30
Q

warm AIHA binds at ____ F

A

98.6 (37C)

31
Q

Involves IgM autoantibodies or cold agglutinins

A

Cold AIHA

32
Q

no sign of any underlying condition

A

Primary AIHA

33
Q

When there is a link with another condition

A

Secondary AIHA (autoimmune diseases)

34
Q

Low level of erythrocyte count and low HgB count

A

signs of anemia

35
Q

CBC involves measuring _____ and ______

A

HCT, HgB

36
Q

reference index for anemia

A

HCT

37
Q

These blood tests look for antibodies that may affect the red blood cells

A

Coombs test

38
Q

Index of hematopoietic activity

A

Reticulocyte Test

39
Q

indication of viral infection

A

reticulocytes

40
Q

True or False
Reticulocyte test range will be higher if the body has low hemoglobin levels
due to bleeding or red cell destruction

A

True

41
Q

High bilirubin levels in the blood can be a sign of

______, ______ or ________

A

anemia, liver damage (cirrchosis) , or another disease

42
Q

shows how fast red

blood cells are being destroyed

A

Amount of haptoglobin

43
Q

there are many remnants of protein blood products from the liver when _______ is high

A

haptoglobin

44
Q

are type of AIHA in which symptoms become worse when a person is in temperatures between 32 and 50 F

A

Cold agglutinin disease

45
Q

Warm agglutinins can occur with _______ and ______

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

penicillin

46
Q

Weaken the immune response

A

corticosteroids or cortisone-like drugs

47
Q

True or False:
corticosteroids or cortisone like drugs weaken immune response so that the Abs produced by
the WBC will not attack the RBC and not detroy the RBC
membrane

A

True

48
Q

responsible for removing abnormal red blood cells from the bloodstream

A

spleen

49
Q

When AIHA occurs in children, it is usually the result of a ______

A

virus or infection

50
Q

Severe anemia can worsen many problems, such as ________

A

heart and lung disease

51
Q

the agglutination of red cells by serum/plasma from most normal
adult humans, irrespective of the ABO blood groups involved

A

polyagglutination

52
Q

microorganisms are present in the blood

A

bacteremia

septicemia

53
Q

_________ are agglutinated by most normal sera as most sera contain IgM antibodies to these crypt antigens

A

T-activated cells

54
Q

T-activation can be readily detected using lectin ________

A

Arachis

Hypogaea or “peanut anti-T”

55
Q

Antigens associated with inherited polyagglutination

A

rare Sd(a+++) or Cad type

56
Q

Sda antigen occurs frequently and the strength of the antigen varies greatly with the strongest expression being seen in the ____________

A

rare Cad phenotype red cells

57
Q

Bombay Oh is usually seen in ________

A

Indians

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