WK16: AIHA, HDN, Blood borne Diseases Flashcards
hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal RBCs
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
destruction of the cell membrane wherein the Hgb inside
the RBC leaks out of the membrane and finds its way through the superficial
layer of the skin and bluish discoloration is evident.
Hemolytic anemia
HDN usually results from incompatibility between _______
maternal and fetal blood
Erythroblastosis fetalis is characterized by ______
hepatosplenomegaly
The immunoglobulin shot is administered again at least _____ after birth if the baby is Rh positive
72 hours
If a baby experiences erythroblastosis fetalis in the womb,
they may be given ___________
intrauterine blood transfusions
administered to unsensitized Rh negative
women
Rhogam
True or False:
Rhogam will stop your antibodies from
reacting to your baby’s Rh positive cells
True
True or False:
Without the use of Rho-GAM, an Rh- woman is likely to produce lower amounts
of Rh+ antibodies
False (higher amounts of Rh+ Abs)
Rhogam can stay in the body for _____
8-12 weeks
half-life of passive anti-D from RhIG is approximately ___________
3 weeks
re-formed antibodies which is an immunoglobulin detected in the serum titer at 3 weeks
Passive anti-D
set of surveillance procedures covering the entire blood transfusion chain, from the donation and processing of blood and its components, through to their provision and transfusion to patients, and including their follow up
Haemovigilance
Haemovigilance It includes the ____________ of adverse events
related to the donation, processing and transfusion of blood, and taking action to prevent their occurrence or recurrence
monitoring, reporting, investigation and analysis
Stakeholders of the haemovigilance system
blood transfusion service hospital clinical staff and transfusion laboratories hospital transfusion committees the national regulatory agency national health authorities
SIX Essential functions of a national blood system
- policy formulation
- standard setting
- strategic and operational planning
- provision of sufficient resources and
- national coordination and management to ensure an
adequate supply of blood and - blood products and safe clinical transfusion
key to ensuring the availability of safe blood for all patients needing transfusions
Quality system
multi-step process with risk of error in each process from selecting donors, safe collecting and processing donations, testing of donor and patient samples, issue of compatible blood, to transfusing the patient
Blood transfusion
provides a framework within
which activities are established, performed in a quality focused way and continuously monitored to improve outcomes
Effective quality system
The risk associated with blood transfusion can be
significantly reduced by the introduction of __________
quality systems, external quality assessment and education and training for staff
cover all aspects of its activities and ensure traceability, from the recruitment and selection of blood donors to the transfusion of blood and blood products to patients
quality system
The safest blood donors are ____________
voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations
every person in the care and
custody of the state shall have the right to HIV prevention, testing, treatment and counseling services
HIV & AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 2017
Three strategies for safe and rational clinical use of blood
Prevention, early diagnosis and effective treatment
rare red blood cell disorder and an immune disorder
Autoimmune homlytic anemia
AIHA happens when the body produces antibodies that ____
destroy the red blood cells
develops when there are not enough red blood cells because the
body destroys them sooner than it should
Hemolytic anemia
AIHA is a ____ condition in children
rare
Involves IgG
Warm AIHA
warm AIHA binds at ____ F
98.6 (37C)
Involves IgM autoantibodies or cold agglutinins
Cold AIHA
no sign of any underlying condition
Primary AIHA
When there is a link with another condition
Secondary AIHA (autoimmune diseases)
Low level of erythrocyte count and low HgB count
signs of anemia
CBC involves measuring _____ and ______
HCT, HgB
reference index for anemia
HCT
These blood tests look for antibodies that may affect the red blood cells
Coombs test
Index of hematopoietic activity
Reticulocyte Test
indication of viral infection
reticulocytes
True or False
Reticulocyte test range will be higher if the body has low hemoglobin levels
due to bleeding or red cell destruction
True
High bilirubin levels in the blood can be a sign of
______, ______ or ________
anemia, liver damage (cirrchosis) , or another disease
shows how fast red
blood cells are being destroyed
Amount of haptoglobin
there are many remnants of protein blood products from the liver when _______ is high
haptoglobin
are type of AIHA in which symptoms become worse when a person is in temperatures between 32 and 50 F
Cold agglutinin disease
Warm agglutinins can occur with _______ and ______
mycoplasma pneumonia
penicillin
Weaken the immune response
corticosteroids or cortisone-like drugs
True or False:
corticosteroids or cortisone like drugs weaken immune response so that the Abs produced by
the WBC will not attack the RBC and not detroy the RBC
membrane
True
responsible for removing abnormal red blood cells from the bloodstream
spleen
When AIHA occurs in children, it is usually the result of a ______
virus or infection
Severe anemia can worsen many problems, such as ________
heart and lung disease
the agglutination of red cells by serum/plasma from most normal
adult humans, irrespective of the ABO blood groups involved
polyagglutination
microorganisms are present in the blood
bacteremia
septicemia
_________ are agglutinated by most normal sera as most sera contain IgM antibodies to these crypt antigens
T-activated cells
T-activation can be readily detected using lectin ________
Arachis
Hypogaea or “peanut anti-T”
Antigens associated with inherited polyagglutination
rare Sd(a+++) or Cad type
Sda antigen occurs frequently and the strength of the antigen varies greatly with the strongest expression being seen in the ____________
rare Cad phenotype red cells
Bombay Oh is usually seen in ________
Indians
