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WK15: BTR Flashcards

1
Q

Transfusion reaction happens within 24 hours post- transfusion

A

acute or delayed

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2
Q

transfusion reactions happens more than 24 hours, days, or weeks

A

delayed transfusion reaction

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3
Q

Acute Immune BTRs

A

Hemolytic
Non Hemolytic
Allergic
TRALI

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4
Q

Acute Non-immune BTR

A 
Bacterial Contamination
Circulatory Overload (TACO)
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5
Q

Delayed Immune BTR

A

Hemolytic
TAGVHD
PTP

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6
Q

Delayed non-immune BTRs

A

Iron Overload

Disease Transmission

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7
Q

Acute Immune mediated - usual type of hemolysis that happens is _______

A

intravascular

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8
Q

extravascular hemolysis is likely to happen

A

Delayed immune hemolytic

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9
Q

True or False:

host cell is the same as recipient cells

A

true

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10
Q

binds to the antigen of the transfused unit leading to an antibody
complex

A

IgM (or IgG)

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11
Q

Activation of the cascade will induce the lysis of the RBCs intravascularly due to
activation of the __________

A

membrane attack complex (MAC)

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12
Q

Systematic symptoms present when vasoactive amines are released

A

Vascular collapse, renal failure, bronchospasm

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13
Q

cause fever, hypotension and will lead to the activation of T and B cells

A

Cytokine activation

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14
Q

Hallmark of intravascular hemolysis

A

Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria

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15
Q

True or False

In acute-immune mediated HTRs, the haptoglobins are high and the plasma free HgB and bilirubin are low

A

False
↑ plasma free Hgb, bilirubin
↓ haptoglobin

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16
Q

HgB tetramer can be reduced to your ______

A

hemoglobin dimer

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17
Q

When haptoglobin is binded to HgB it will be delivered to the ____

A

liver

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18
Q

“Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction”

A

Non-HTR Acute Immune mediated

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19
Q

Non-HTR Acute Immune mediated (FTR) Mechanism

A

HLA antibody in recipient attack the donor antigens

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20
Q

Recipient antibodies reacts to allergen found in blood component

A

Allergic Transfusion Reaction

21
Q

Caused by genetic IgA deficiency

A

Anaphylactic Anaphylactoid (severe types)

22
Q

Acute BTR presenting respiratory distress and severe hypoxemia during or within 6 hours of transfusion

23
Q

Donor antibodies attacks host neutrophils

A

One-Hit Theory TRALI

24
Q

Transfused biologically active substances or antileukocytes

antibodies (anti-HLA Abs)

A

Two-Hit Theory TRALI

25
Q

2°C or more increase in body temperature accompanied by

rigors and hypotension

A

Bacterial contamination Acute Non-Immune

26
Q

Bacterial contamination is also called _____

A

Transfusion Associated Sepsis

27
Q

most common organism known to be a bacterial contaminant in the blood unit?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

28
Q

too much blood in patient’s vascular system

29
Q

Lab test of TACO

A

BNP Brain natriuretic peptide

30
Q

ess severe than AIHTR, and dependent on the concentration of antibody in the blood rather than the type

A

HTR: Delayed Immune-mediated

31
Q

antibodies involved in delayed HTRs

A

Rh, Duffy, Kidd

32
Q

Donor lymphocytes attacks recipient cells

33
Q

Delayed BTR with profound thrombocytopenia and bleeding

A

PTP (post transfusion purpura)

34
Q

Patient’s preformed platelet antibodies (recipient) attacks transfused cells coated with platelet antigen (antigen with the same specificity)

A

PTP Mechanism

35
Q

Mist common Ag of PTP

36
Q

For known patients who have experienced PTP, we will use components that are ________ for this type of antigen that may attack the preformed PLT Ab of the patient

A

antigen negative

37
Q

Accumulation of iron deposits in organ

A

Iron overload - delayed non-immune

38
Q

cause of iron overload

A

massive transfusion

39
Q

basic testing includes:

A

Clerical check
hemolysis check
DAT
ABO testing

40
Q

color of plasma that is positive for hemolysis

A

pink or reddish

41
Q

in hemolysis check, if Hemolysis is present = ________

A

request redraw

42
Q

Detects the presence of RBCs sensitized in vivo

43
Q

done after hemolysis has been identified in the first batch of testing or basic testing

A

Secondary testing

44
Q

If the pre-transfusion sample has no hemolysis we have to repeat _______, ______ and _____ of units with the post reaction sample

A

ABO Ab screening, crossmatching and antigen typing

45
Q

Silent Transfusion-related adverse events are affected by:

A 
Antigenic differences
dose
frequency of transfusion
Patient’s immune status
immunogenicity of donor HLA antigens
46
Q

presence of Abs against CLASS I HLA ANTIGEN

A

Silent Transfusion-related adverse events

47
Q

Tingling sensation

A

citrate toxicity

48
Q

Tongue is numb, needling effect in the perioral area

A

Paresthesias

49
Q

Anaphylactoid, bacterial contamination

A

Albumin replacement

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