wk10- skin and musculoskeletal infections

Question 1

immunological portal of entries include

Answer 1

microbial antigens
toxins
PAMPS

Question 2

diagnosis of skin/soft tissue infections via 5

Answer 2

Visual rash/lesion
Culture and sensitivity (exudate/blood)
PCR lesion exudate
Medical imaging
Serological testing

Question 3

difference between culture/sensitivity and PCR lesion exudate

Answer 3

phenotype vs genotype of infectious agents are identified

Question 4

what is the cause of inflammation symptoms

Answer 4

increased local blood flow
production of vasoactive mediators

Question 5

symptomatic management includes

Answer 5

The discomfort associated with skin, soft tissue, and bone infections can be relieved by cold compresses, elevation/offloading, analgesia or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication.

Question 6

drainage does what

Answer 6

removes growth medium for infectious agent

Question 7

irrigation does what

Answer 7

removes debris and microbial toxins
visuals of wound bed
wound hydration

Question 8

debridement does what

Answer 8

removal of necrotic tissue
removal of endogenous toxins

Question 9

dressing does what

Answer 9

sterilisation

Question 10

why is penicillin a common first line drug

Answer 10

-targets gram-positive cocci which is common
-they are bactericidal which can progress rapidly

Question 11

what is the most common human infection

Answer 11

skin and soft tissue infections

Question 12

what % is caused by community acquired MRSA

Answer 12

60

Question 13

Bacterial infections can be caused by what kind of microbiota for skin infections

Answer 13

endogenous or exogenous

Question 14

how do viral infections cause skin infections? 2

Answer 14

the virus replicates in the epithelial cells and remain localised or
systemic that result in skin signs of infection and a systemic host inflammatory response (chickenpox)

Question 15

what is impetigo

Answer 15

a bacterial epidermal infection thats caused by disruption to skin integrity by insect bites or eczema.

it can be
bullous- caused by staph auerus
non bullous- staph and Group A strep

Question 16

folliculitis is what

Answer 16

a bacterial/viral or fungi infection caused by hair follicle infection/inflammation, precipitted by epidermal abrasion

can be caused by shaving or exfoliation

Question 17

acne infection is what

Answer 17

bacterial infection of the hair follicle and associated sebaceous gland. Results in lesions being formed

Question 18

eryipelas is what

Answer 18

a dermal (upper dermis and lymphatics) bacterial infection, causing an erthematous rash with a clearly demarcated edge. Usually preceded by systemic signs and symptoms therefore considered a systemic infection

Question 19

cellulitis is what

Answer 19

a systemic bacterial infection of deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. a rash presents but does not have a clear demarcation zone. it is associated with comorbid conditions.

Question 20

what type of virus is herpes simplex

Answer 20

latent

Question 21

tinea is also called ? and what is it?

Answer 21

ringworm.
fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes that infect keratinised layers of skin (use keratin as nutrient source)

Question 22

tinea verscolor is what

Answer 22

a superficial yeast skin infection

pigment production is disrupted during infection leading to reversal of the usual skin tone

Question 23

candidiasis is what

Answer 23

opportunisitic yeast skin infection

occurs in areas that are warm, moist and macerated

Question 24

all wounds are considered what ?

Answer 24

contaminated because there is an opening to environment

Question 25

colonisation occurs when in a wound

Answer 25

the wound contains replicating infectious agents in the absense of an inflammatory response and tissue damage

Question 26

exudate is what

Answer 26

fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissue

Question 27

necrotising fasciitis

Answer 27

life threatening soft tissue infection involving the subcutaneous tissue and deep fascia (flesh eating bacteria)

Question 28

bacteria skin infections results in what actions

Answer 28

invading superficial skin layers, producing enzymes to disrupt cell junctions

Question 29

fungal skin infections results in what actions

Answer 29

invade the superficial layers of the epidermis causing pruritis (itchy skin)

Question 30

disseminated via lyphatic and blood vessels infecting muscle tissue is a what infection?

Answer 30

parasite soft tissue infection

Question 31

systemic infections leading to skin signs and or joint cavity inflammation is what kind of infection

Answer 31

viral skin infection

Question 32

what is a lesion

Answer 32

change in superifcial skin that results in disruption of integrity

Question 33

3 main symptomatic indications of an infection

Answer 33

inflammation
fever
rash/lesions